Apie retus šventųjų globėjų atvaizdus liaudies skulptūroje

LTStraipsnyje aptariami reti šventųjų globėjų atvaizdai tradicinėje liaudies skulptūroje. Parodomi jų ikonografijos ypatumai ir tai, kas buvo svarbiausia juos vaizduojant. Taip pat apžvelgiama retai vaizduotų šventųjų globėjų samprata liaudiškajame pamaldume. Svarstoma, kokia buvo šių atvaizdų paskirtis kaimo kultūroje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Liaudies skulptūros; Šventieji globėjai; Ikonografija; Liaudiškasis pamaldumas; Kryždirbystės paminklai; Folk sculptures; Holy guardians; Iconography; Folk piety; Cross-stitch monuments.

ENThe article discusses the rare representations of saints in the traditional folk sculpture. Attention is drawn to the representations of the saints who had one or another role in the folk piety. By carving sculptures, self-taught craftsman - god carvers tried to make an easily identifiable saint. Therefore, they followed to church iconography, depicted the most typical attributes, clothing, gestures or postures of the saints, sometimes used a more familiar, closer attribute to rural people from their everyday environment. When constructing a monument on the homestead, people often mounted the figures of saint patrons whose names correspond to names of their family. Besides, elsewhere, when building a monument with a specific intention, especially when making a vow, people often mounted the figure of a saint whose name and the names of benefactors match. The benefactors of common monuments in a village or town often wished to have a representation of the saint patron whose names correspond to their names. The cemetery monuments also contained a sculpture of the patron saint of the name of the deceased. The figures of rarely depicted saints were in the monuments of the afore-mentioned places. Rarer sculptures also appeared when the figure of a saint was placed in the monument (both in the churchyard and elsewhere) in whose name was a parish church or the feast day in a parish. The god-carvers made the figures of saint patrons with rarer names for the churches. The peculiarities of the parish's piety and their folk conception also influenced the orders for such sculptures. In the folk piety, saints often receive functions related to the traditional lifestyles, economic activities and folk calendars, in addition to the areas of piety determined by the Church.A large part o f the saints mentioned in the article (Apollonia, Rosalia, Ignatius of Loyola, Lawrence, Benedict of Nursia, etc.) in the folk tradition were associated with the prevention of certain diseases or ailments. Peasant calendar connected many saints with various farm works, the harvest of certain crops, care of livestock and fowls. For example, Saint Helena, Petronilla and Mary Magdalene were associated with the flax harvest. The apostles Mark, Matthew and Bartholomew were considered the patrons of the harvest. Saints Lawrence and Benedict were believed to protect against storms and thunderstorms that often cause fires. However, based on the surviving limited data on the selection of the rare names of saints sculptures, it is supposed that the rarely depicted saints, although with a specific position in the folk piety, in most cases should not be connected to the folk conception or function in the peasants calendar of works but with patronage of a person with the same name because the holy patron obtained with the baptismal name was important in the personal devotion seeking for daily support and patronage. [From the publication]