Apie Vilniaus Šv. Dvasios bažnyčioje rastus relikvijorius, jų puošybą ir relikvijas

LTStraipsnyje pirmą kartą pristatomi 2017 m. rasti daugiau nei pusšimtį metų Vilniaus Šv. Dvasios bažnyčioje slėptuvėje saugoti XVII-XIX a. relikvijoriai. Publikacijoje pateikiama svarstymų apie šio radinio šventovėje atsiradimo aplinkybes, kada ir dėl kokių priežasčių jie buvo paslėpti. Pagrindinis dėmesys skirtas meniniu, istoriniu ir religiniu požiūriu itin vertingiems relikvijoriams - iššifruoti ir apibūdinti juose esančių relikvijų įrašai, pateikta natūros tyrimais pagrįsta pirminė relikvijorių atribucija, nagrinėjami šių vertingų auksakalystės dirbinių stiliaus, formos ir apipavidalinimo ypatumai. Priede-kataloge pateikiami pagrindiniai relikvijorių duomenys. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės auksakalystė; Relikvijoriai; Relikvijos; Šventieji; Ankstyvosios krikščionybės kankiniai; Goldsmithing of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Relics; Saints; Martyrs of early christianity.

ENThe article discusses twenty-seven reliquaries recently found in the Church of the Holy Spirit in Vilnius. In Soviet times, the church has become the storage of church art valuables, and the liturgical inventory from closed churches in Vilnius was stored tbere. In the 1960s, the reliquaries were sheltered by believers, fearing that they might be expropriated, destroyed (recast) or desecrated. The found collection consists of reliquaries from the end of the 17th-19th centuries. The article discusses the shape of these goldsmiths’ works, the main elements of the decor, the way of composition and the features of displaying the relics. The Baroque-style sarcophagus-shape reliquaries representing the high level of craftsmanship of the second quater of the 18th century are of exceptional artistic and typological value. The wares without analogues in Lithuania are also exceptional by the largest known collection of relics in Lithuania; more than 72 relics are protected in them. These are relics of the early Christian martyrs and two relics of the then Blessed Vincent de Paul. The early relics of the founder of the Order of Missionaries testify the origins of his cult in Lithuania related with the establishment of the monastery in Vilnius. Three retable-type spectacular and ornate reliquaries created in the 18th century distinguishes by exclusive craftsmanship; they were made when Vilnius became a famous centre of goldsmithing in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Based on the stylistic features of the decor, these reliquaries may be associated with the artistic heritage of the Bernardine(s). The collection presents a real retrospective of the Regency goldsmith’ works of the 18th century, revealing the typological change of forms and the development of the decor from the earliest known works of this style in Lithuania up to the Rococo reliquaries.The heritage of goldsmiths’ works is complemented by several reliquaries of the classicism style and more straightforward works of the 19th century. The relics of the early Christian martyrs predominates in the found reliquaries. Many of them belong to "the catacomb saints" whose hagiography began with the archaeology of Jesuits in the 17th century. From a religious point of view, relics (skulls) of saints and martyrs Celestine and Victoria insignes (first-class) are very important. Presumably, they were transferred to the glass-case tin reliquaries made in 1775-1799- Noteworthy are also exiquae (small) relics with inscriptions of Carmelite St. Mary Magdalene de’ Pazzi, Jesuit Martyr St. Andrew Bobola, St. Stanislaus Kostka, St. Paul the Apostle and St. Teresa. The figuration of surviving relics - decorations with paperoles technique, shreds of cloth, wax and jewellery stones witness the handicraft traditions of the Carmelites, Benedictines and other women convents in Vilnius. In 2019, this collection was taken over by the Church Heritage Museum in Vilnius, and the reliquaries were professionally restored. The collection of reliquaries from the Church of the Holy Spirit in Vilnius is undoubtedly significant from the historical, artistic, typological and religious point of view. It is one of the more substantial and significant discoveries (after the "treasury" of the Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Trakai) after Lithuania regained its independence. [From the publication]