Trinitorių šventieji šio ordino ir kitose Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės bažnyčiose

LTTrinitorių vienuolijoje kulto ir meno prasme ypatingas dėmesys skirtas ir skiriamas Švč. Trejybei, Jėzui Kristui ir Švč. Mergelei Marijai, tačiau ir apimtimi, ir svarba didelę ordino pamaldumo ir jo dailės dalį sudarė ir sudaro šventųjų pagerbimas bei jų atvaizdų kūrimas. Straipsnis skirtas nuo XVII a. pabaigos Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje veikusių reformuotosios basosios atšakos trinitorių (kartu su Lenkijos Karalystės trinitoriais sudariusių Šv. Joakimo provinciją) aplinkoje, pirmiausia - jų bažnyčiose buvusiems pačių trinitorių šventųjų atvaizdams. Aptariamas ir šių atvaizdų vienuolynuose klausimas, pristatoma pasklidimo už ordino ribų pavyzdžių. Remiamasi archyviniais ir publikuotais šaltiniais, literatūra, dailės paveldu. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Trinitorių vienuolynas; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Šventųjų atvaizdai; Šv. Jonas Matietis; Šv. Feliksas Valujietis; Šv. Simonas Rojas; Šv. Šventųjų Mykolas; Šv. Nekaltojo Prasidėjimo Jonas Krikštytojas; Trinitarian monastery; Images of saints; St. Jean de Matha; St. Felix de Valois; St. Simón de Roja; St. Michael; St. John the Baptist of the Immaculate Conception.

ENThe Order of Barefoot Trinitarians (Barefoot Brothers of the Most Holy Trinity and of the Captives) formed the province of St. Joachim in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. They have been active in the Kingdom of Poland since 1685 and started the activity in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) in 1693. Nine Trinitarian monasteries were founded in the GDL before 1802: three in the present-day Lithuania (in Vilnius-Antakalnis and Trinapolis-and in Jonava) and six in Belarus (in Orsha, Brest, Vitebsk, Maladzyechna, Krivichi and Babinavichy). They accounted for almost one-third of the monasteries of the said province (five were established in Poland and the remaining more than ten in the territory of Ukraine). However, in the GDL the monasteries were still active during 1800-1830, while in the Kingdom of Poland the majority of them was already closed. The monastery in Antakalnis existed until 1864. The article is devoted to the images of the Saints and the Blessed of the Order previously held in the Trinitarian churches (and monasteries) in the GDL as well as to works on this subject outside the Order. For the first time, data on them is systematized, and the iconography of surviving works is discussed. The article is devoted only to the Trinitarians in the GDL. However, the study is essential to gain knowledge on the Trinitarian art in the entire province of St. Joachim. Images of the patriarchs of the Ordcr-St. Jean de Matha and St. Felix de Valois (both canonized in 1666)-uscd to be in every Trinitarian church of the GDL. The high altar was dedicated to them in Trinapolis Church and side altars in seven other churches. More often, the altars used to be built for the painting showing the founders of the Order adoring the Holy Trinity. Altars with a painting of each of the patriarchs were a much rarer case. Several images of the founders of the Order meant for other purposes are also known.The activity of the Trinitarians (establishment of the Holy Trinity confraternities, etc.) in the GDL resulted in the paintings and statues of these saints also appearing in several churches not belonging to the Order. The images of the Blessed Simon de Rojas (beatified in 1766, canonized in 1988) were not present in each Trinitarian church in the GDL. Altars of this title with an appropriate painting were in three churches and small images of the Blessed Simon under the main paintings of a differently titled altars were in two. The paintings of the Blessed Saint Miguel de los Santos (beatified in 1779, canonized in 1862) were more common: four Trinitarian churches had altars with the titular image of this saint, one church had a small image in the lower tier of the altar and two churches had freely hanging images. No images of St. Juan Bautista de la Conception (proclaimed venerable in 1760, beatified in 1819, canonized in 1975) are mentioned in the sources, and only one picture is identified as depicting him. Paintings dominated in the investigated topic with very little data on sculptures available. Only a few images of Trinitarian Saints have survived in Lithuania and Belarus, and the majority of them are no longer in their original places. The origins and identification of some images are still problematic. [From the publication]