Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės šventieji globėjai Lietuvos vyskupijų liturginių kalendorių duomenimis

LTStraipsnyje aptariamas Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės šventųjų globėjų (ir savų, ir bendrų su Lenkijos Karalyste) gerbimas Lietuvoje nuo vėlyvųjų Viduramžių iki XXI a. pradžios, iš esmės remiantis šioje teritorijoje kitados veikusių ir tebegyvuojančių katalikų vyskupijų liturginių kalendorių (rubricelių), išlikusių nuo XVIII a., duomenimis. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Šventieji globėjai; Rubricelės; Liturginiai kalendoriai; Holy guardians; Rubrics; Liturgical calendars.

ENThe paper is devoted to the history of the liturgical cult of the patron saints of Lithuania (both proper and common with the Kingdom of Poland) from the Late Medieval Ages to the early 21st century. The research is primarily based on the printed liturgical calendars which have been preserved from the ist half of the 18th century. The first patron saints of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, St. George and St. Nicholas, must have chosen no later than in the 16th century, and in 1602 the cult of St Casimir, who subsequently became the main patron saint of Lithuania, was officially approved. After the successful reconquest of the city of Polatsk during the war with Moscow on August 30, 1579, the special feast of Sts. Felix and Adauctus was introduced into the calendars of Lithuanian dioceses of Vilnius and Žemaitija (Samogitiae vel Mednicensis). The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which constituted a part of the Commonwealth of Two Nations since 1569, also inherited a numerous group of patron saints of the Polish Kingdom. Some of them (e. g., Bl. Josaphat Kuntsevych) were provided with the feasts which were of higher rank in Lithuania than in Poland. The cases of the common saints with a higher status in Poland, however, were much more numerous. The established tradition of the commemoration of the patron saints of Lithuania and Poland was more or less continued after the partitions of the Commonwealth of Two Nations, both in the old dioceses (of Vilnius and Žemaitija) and in the new ones, i. e. archdiocese of Mohilev and diocese of Minsk, subject to the metropolitan see in Mohilev, and diocese of Sejny / Augustów, subject to the metropolitan see in Warsaw. The reform of the Roman breviary in 1911 considerably affected the liturgical calendars of the Lithuanian dioceses starting from the years 1914 and 1915.Numerous patron saints were deprived of their honourable status and high rank of liturgical commemoration. Instead of them, St. Casimir and St. George stood out as the main patron saints in the period between the two World Wars in the ecclesiastical province of Lithuania (with its metropolitan see in Kaunas). In the archdiocese of Vilnius, in addition to St Casimir and St. George, St. Nicholas and St. Bruno of Querfurt were declared secondary patron saints on the eve of the Second World War. The tradition of the liturgical commemoration of these four patron saints, though fairly modest, still seems to be in practice within the Catholic Church in Lithuania in the beginning of the 21st century. [From the publication]