Vilniaus universiteto palikimas ir atkūrimo projektai

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Vilniaus universitetas (VU; Vilnius University); Vilniaus universiteto atkūrimo projektai; Vilnius University reconstruction projects.

ENIn 1832, after the closure of Vilnius University, Vilnius was left with higher medical and Catholic theological studies. The Faculties of Medicine and Theology of the University under closure were transformed into academics. Vilnius Academy of Medical Surgery. Establishment, structure and management. Vilnius at the time was the best base of medical science of the Russian Empire. The Empire, and in particular its army, needed medical personnel. For this reason, medical studies were left in Vilnius, There were three sections: medical (a 5-year study program), veterinary (a 4-year study program), pharmaceutical (a 3-year study program). Academy did not have autonomy, but a formal conference (council) of academics and ordinary professors decided the Academy's affairs. The Academy had well-equipped classrooms of physics, chemistry, zoology, anatomy, mineralogy, several clinics, a veterinary hospital, a pharmacy, a rich library, a botanical garden. The Academy essentially continued the tradition of Vilnius University. The spectrum ofsubjects taught was quite extensive. This served not only to narrow specialty knowledge and expertise, but also provided a broad general education in natural sciences. The curriculum included a number of humanitarian subjects usually taught in universities and providing a classical university education. Most of the academy lecturers were professors and students of the closed Vilnius University. Clinical lectures were delivered only in Latin, and others in Latin, Russian, Polish. Schools affiliated to the Academy (obstetrics, pharmacy, medicine) taught only in Polish. The Academy boasted of its high education level and ability to learn. The Academy was recognized as the best medical school of higher studies of the Russian Empire. Students and study procedures. The Academy trained more students than the Faculty of Medicine of the University before.About one third of the students were supported by the state treasury. Most students originated from the lands of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Most of them were representatives of minor nobility and townspeople. Over 10 years, about 700 people graduated from the Academy and were awarded diplomas of higher education. Strict discipline dominated. Closing of the Academy (1842). This action was part of the imperial policy in the lands recently affiliated to the Empire. Students supported by the treasury were moved to Kazan and Kharkov universities. Those who studied at their own expense were allowed to choose a university. The Faculty of Medicine was established at Kiev University instead of the closed Academy. Theological Academy of Vilnius Roman Catholics. Establishment, structure and management. Founded on the basis of the closed Faculty of Theology of Vilnius University and the Senior Theological Seminary. Subordinate to the non-canonical Russian Roman Catholic Religious College which was not recognized by the Vatican. Direct supervision of the Academy was delegated to the bishop of Vilnius. According to the statute, this authority had to have three sections: 1) higher theological studies (Academy), 2) the Vilnius diocesan seminary, 3) the Armenian Catholic Church division. The latter was never opened. The management of the Academy consisted of the council chaired by the rector appointed by the tsar. The academic and scientific affairs of the organization of procedures and degree awarding were carried out by the Academy Conference (Council) led by the bishop of Vilnius. Professors and studies. Tl,e Academy had 10 departments, professors and adjuncts (the latter usually taught ¡ n the Seminary). All lecturers were delegated by the Russian Minister of Internal Affairs. The studies lasted for three years, and later four years.Theological disciplines were taught in Latin, whereas secular education was ¡n Russian. Only the pulpit exercises were allowed in local languages; however, homiletics was taught in Polish. Learners of the Academy could obtain masters and doctors degrees. The Vilnius Spiritual Academy conferred a degree in theology to 10 people. Moving of the Academy to St. Petersburg. In 1842 , for political considerations the Academy - its students and some lecturers - were moved front Vilnius. The spiritual seminary remained in Vilnius and agam became an independent diocesan seminary of the Vilnius diocese. The renoval of the Academy from Vilnius, in fact meant termination of its connection with the Vilnius University tradition. The Roman Catholic Spiritual Academy of St. Petersburg functioned until 1918. [...]. [Extract, p. 966-967]