Krikščioniškosios Lietuvos atvertis mokslui
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Vilniaus universitetas (VU; Vilnius University); Lietuviai užsienio universitetuose; Aukštasis mokslas; Katalikų ir protestantų švietimas; Lithuanians in foreign universities; Higher education; Catholic and Protestant eduction.
ENThis section briefly describes the European concept of higher education, emphasizing that the University of Lithuania could not be established in the educational vacuum - there had to be a preuniversiry period (primary, monastic schools, cathedral schools, college life), and an education tradition meeting the political, social and cultural situation had to gradually form in the state. This section describes the formation of assumptions of Christian intellectual culture. Sons of Lithuanian nobles and wealthy city-dwcllcrs from the end of the 14th cenrury used to study at Prague, Krakow, Western European universities. The largest number of Lithuanians studied at the University of Königsberg. The Faculty of Arts and Philosophy was most popular among Lithuanian students. About one fourth of the Law Faculty students were from Lithuania. The number of clergy leaving for studies to foreign universities soon was outnumbered by laity who comprised the majority of students from Lithuania. Studies in the upgraded University of Krakow were of particular importance for students from Lithuania in the 15th-16th centuries since this university was linked to the state and public needs. Studies in Krakow developed civic and public awareness. After the establishment of the University of Vilnius, Lithuanian nobles still were sending their sons abroad for studies. To stay in Western Europe for a while, to experience its cultural and scientific environment was a nutter of prestige for Lithuanian nobles and their sons. The development of the Renaissance culture in Lithuania began at the end of the 15th century and lasted until the mid-17th century. Vilnius University was also founded in the Renaissance epoch.The source of the Renaissance attitudes of the enlightened Lithuanian society was the education gained in foreign universities, the environment of European university cities and the reality of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania reconsidered on the basis of the acquired education. After studies, former students would hold public offices, work as lawyers, secretaries, teachers, doctors. Science emerged in Lithuania after the establishment of schools, when the country experienced the need for more enlightened people for public services, and in general for people who were literate and knew the Latin language. According to the medieval tradition, education was promoted by the Catholic Church, its clergy. The chapter provides an overview of the emergence of schools in Lithuania and the formation of secondary education. The first school in Lithuania in general and a secondary education school in particular were established immediately after 1387 at the Cathedral of Vilnius. The chapter contains, review of the activities of this and other schools: Vilnius Dominican school established at the beginning of the 16th century and intended for philosophy and theology studies, and parish school at the Church of St. John in Vilnius which was rearranged by Petrus Royzius Maurcus Alcagniccnsis to the School of Law in 1566. The work also presents the activities of Reformers schools: a higher level school established in 1540 by Culvensis Abrahamus; a school that was established by the Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Vilnius Palatine Nicolaus Radivilus Niger (the Black) in his manor in Vilnius in 1558, which at the end of the 16th century was transformed into an academe gymnasium; the Kėdainiai Reformers gymnasium founded in 1629; a school established in Biržai hy Nicolaus Radivilus Rufus (the Brown) at the beginning of the 17th century, which was attempted to turn into an academic gymnasium.The Ivija Arian school in the Lida poviat, which functioned in the second half of the 17th century and which was also attempted to develop into a higher level institution. Ihe Catholic and Protestant eduction system, established in Lithuania during the Renaissance were an expression of the educational and scientific diversity. Reformed gymnasiums competed with Jesuit colleges, but were not able to compete with the growing Vilnius University where higher eduction was also pursued by the people who had graduated from Reformers gymnasiums. Vilnius bishop Valerianus Protasevicius in 1570 established the Vilnius Jusuit College wich was well supplied financially. It tapidly grew in the sense of university education and fostered the idea to develop from a college to university. [From the publication]
