Dainuojantys kaulai: pasakos psichologizmas

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Tautosaka; Pasakos; Pasakų psichologizmas; Folklore; Fairy tales; Fairy psychologism.

ENWhile interpreting the ideological value and functionality of Lithuanian folktales, the Lithuanian folklorists most frequently pay greatest attention to the social and moral aspects of contents and the aesthetic qualities of the genre, while psychologism of the tale is less appreciated. On the basis of analysis of variants of the religious tale "The Singing Bones" (ATU 780) the author of the article strives to reveal the psychothcrapic value of this tale during the former period of its existence and the extent to which psychologism could be important for the folk teller of the 20th century. The typical traditional features of the folktale's variants are discussed along with those indicating the individuality of the performers and the modernization of the tale. An assumption is raised that both during earlier times and throughout the 20th century the tale has performed a certain psychotherapic function, yet the nature of its psychologism shifted in the course of time. The storyline of the traditional typical variants of the tale and the rhetoric of its narration reveal the purpose of its performing to have been making the listener to empathize with the tale at most and to identify himself / herself with its protagonist. Such rhetoric could have been useful and particularly effective, assumed that the tale has performed a function related to initiations or that it could be involved in reflecting the essential transformations of life (e. g., marriage). The subsequent more individualized variants of the tale indicate its increasing shift from laconic conventional manner of depiction towards the legend-like attestation or literary aesthetization; increasingly greater attention is paid to the detailed description of the situations and characters and visualization.From psychological point of view, the visual and detailed mode of narration helps the listener to imagine the rendered situation better, develops social empathy and is important in moral and pedagogical terms. Judging from the analyzed variants, in the majority of cases the storytellers stick to the traditional. laconic, conventional mode of narration and interpretation of the tale's contents, rarely actively employing will and creativity in actualizing the traditional tale and adapting it to the audience. Although the psychotherapic purpose of the tale as such is hardly perceived by the narrators, the authentic recordings of the tale do not allow much doubting in the emotional impact of the tale and its stabilizing effect on the world-view. [From the publication]