Nepriklausomos Lietuvos žemės ūkio valstybinio rėmimo aspektai
LTStraipsnio pagrindinė idėja ir tikslas - aptarti kai kuriuos nepriklausomos Lietuvos žemės ūkio valstybinio rėmimo aspektus tarpukario laikotarpyje ir pastarajame dešimtmetyje atstačius nepriklausomybę. Lietuvos žemės ūkio rėmimo praktikoje taikyta ne tik tiesioginė parama žemės ūkio subjektams (negražinamos investicijos, supirkimo kvotos, minimalios ribinės kainos, subsidijos, materialinių vertybių pirkimo išlaidų bei paskolų palūkanų dalies kompensavimas, importo mokesčiai ir kt.), bet ir struktūrinės bei organizacinės priemonės (valstybės išlaidos moksliniams tyrimams, mokymui ir konsultavimui, lengvatinės paskolos, mokesčių lengvatos, parama ūkininkaujant mažo našumo žemėse ir kt). [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Gamintojų paramos ekvivalentas; Kaimo rėmimo fondas; Paramos žemės ūkiui fondas; Rėmimas; Specialioji kaimo rėmimo programa; Ūkininkų rėmimo fondas; Žemės reforma; Agricultural Support Fund; Farmers Support Fund; Farmers' support fund; Land reform; Producer support equivalent; Rural Support Fund; Special Rural Support Program; Sponsorship; Support.
ENLithuanian Independence was restored on 16th of February in 1918. Lithuania was tired and robbed by war. Agriculture developed very, slowly. No one the waging war country recovered losses; the fisc was scanty and the government at that time had to take care of young State safety and defence. So there wasn’t any speech about support for agriculture in the first ten years of independence. The main question of Lithuanian State at that time was to carry out the reform in the villages but due to shortage of means there was foreseen to finance the main jobs connected with land reform. During the years of independence Lithuanian agriculture has become free of poverty and became competitive in the world market. Farmers and young State became stronger. In spite of various foreign countries limitations, the biggest part of Lithuanian agriculture was exported. The production of agriculture made up 68,6% during 1923-1926,70,4% during 1927-1930,74,3% during 1931-1934, 78,2% during 1935-1938 , in a general structure of Lithuanian export. But this efficient activity was broken by the second World War. On 11th of March in 1990 Lithuanian independence was restored. During that period there were a lot of changes: it was started to bring back land, forests and water bodies and farmers started to establish theirs farms. In 1991 the State of Lithuanian Republic appraised the state of' finance, prepared and confirmed the program of Priority support for farmers. There were asigned means from the State budget to the fond of farmers supporting: in 1992 about 9 mln Lt, 1993-43,3 mln Lt, 1994-42,4 mln Lt, 1995-35,6 mln Lt, 1996 - 43,9 mln Lt In 1992 there was formed 3,9 min Lt means to the fund of Agriculture Supporting and those means were used to give favourable loan to farmers. The means were got from USA of sold grain.From 1994 there was started to form Lithuanian Supporting fund for agriculture in Lithuania. The means were used to give favourable loan to various subjects of agriculture. During three years when the fund was functioning, there were given favourable credits of 620mln Lt with 5 % interest. From 1997 there was established the fund of Country supporting instead of those three Supporting funds. The biggest part of Country’s supporting made the State budget means. They were asigned to finance the means of the National agriculture development program. In 1997 there were accumulated 422,3 mln Lt, 1998 - 525,2 mln Lt, 1999 - 396,5 mln Lt, 2000 - 433,9 mln Lt in this fund. The fund of Country supporting was reorganized to a Special country’s supporting program. [From the publication]
