Konstituciniai ginčai

LTMonografijoje analizuojama Konstitucijos samprata, Konsti tucijos viršenybės principas kaip konstitucinės kontrolės pagrindas. Nagrinėjama Konstitucinio Teismo vieta teismų sistemoje, ja nepriklausomumo garantijos, Konstitucinio Teismo įgaliojimai tiriant įstatymų ir kitų teisės aktų atitikti Konstitucijai, taip pat teikiant išvadas. Analizuojamos konstitucinės doktrinos reinterpretavimo problemos, tyrinėjamas individualaus konstitucinio skundo institutas, nagrinėjama konstitucinių ginčų teisena. Remiantis gausia moksline ir praktine medžiaga sistemiškai ir nuosekliai analizuojami ne tik konstitucinių ginčų teisiniai pagrindai, bet ir teorinės bei praktinės problemos, kylančios sprendžiant konstitucinius ginčus. Monografija pirmiausia skirta teisės mokslininkams, besidomintiems konstitucine teise, konstitucine justicija. Ji gali būti labai naudinga visiems subjekams, ketinantiems kreiptis į Konstitucinį Teismą, įskaitant fizinius ir juridinius asmenis, taip pat visų Lietuvos teismų teisėjams, kitiems praktikuojantiems teisininkams, Seimo ir Vyriausybės nariams, valstybės tarnautojams, politologams, istorikams ir kitiems asmenims, kurie domisi Konstitucija ir jos viršenybės užtikrinimu. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Konstitucinis teismas; Konstituciniai ginčai; Individualus skundas; Oficialioji doktrina; Constitutional Court; Lithuania; Constitutional disputes; Individual complaint; Official doctrine.

ENThe Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania was adopted by referendum on 25 October 1992. The source of the Constitution is the Nation. The Constitution is a constituent act of the Nation; therefore, it is primary law in terms of both legal force and content, i.e. it is the centre of legal life and determines the directions and content of lawmaking. The Constitution is a social contract: this special legal act establishes public authority, contains an agreement on the composition of public authority and on the procedures for its organisation and functioning, consolidates human rights and freedoms, and provides for the ways of protecting them. At the same time, the Constitution consolidates the state as the common good of the whole of society; the strivings and values of the Nation that are enshrined in the Constitution express the constitutional identity of the State of Lithuania. As an act of a substantive nature, the Constitution is based on universal and unquestionable democratic values, inherent in the tradition of western law; moreover, the Constitution is an anti-majoritarian act, protecting the freedom and innate rights of not only the Nation, but also the individual. The Constitution is an act of the utmost legal solidity; its wording carries in itself the strongest normative charge. The Constitution consists of norms and principles; there is not only the letter, but also the spirit, of the Constitution; and it comprises both explicit and implicit legal regulation. The Constitution is an integral act - the values enshrined therein form a coherent system; there is a balance among these values; therefore, no provision of the Constitution may be interpreted in such a way that would deny any other constitutional provision. Being the core of the entire legal system and the measure of lawfulness, the Constitution is, at the same time, ideal law.Accordingly, the Constitution does not contain any gaps or internal contradictions; in the event of a clash between the values protected by the Constitution, it is necessary to find solutions ensuring that none of these values will be denied or unreasonably limited. The provisions of the Constitution should not be interpreted only literally, by applying the sole linguistic (verbal) method of the interpretation of law; the real content of the provisions of the Constitution can be disclosed only by using and combining different methods of the interpretation of law: linguistic and systematic methods; the interpretation of general legal principles; logical and teleological methods; the interpretation of the intentions pursued by the legislator; the interpretation of precedents; historical, comparative, and other methods of the interpretation of law. The letter of the Constitution may not be interpreted in a manner that denies the spirit of the Constitution. The provisions of the Constitution must not be interpreted on the basis of laws or other legal acts, as this would deny the supremacy of the Constitution in the Lithuanian legal system. The Constitution should be interpreted based exclusively on itself, its own logic, the interrelationships of its norms and principles, and the overall constitutional regulation. The Constitution is jurisprudential, because the content of its provisions is revealed in the course of formulating and developing the official constitutional doctrine by the Constitutional Court. In this way, the deep potential of the Constitution is disclosed without changing its text, the Constitution is adapted to changes in social life and to the constantly changing living conditions of society and the state; thus, the viability of the Constitution, as the legal basis for the life of society and the state, is ensured at the same time.There are only two sources of the Constitution as supreme law - the text of the Constitution and the official constitutional doctrine developed by the Constitutional Court in its acts in the course of interpreting the provisions of the Constitution. The Constitution can entail obligations in certain matters and, to the extent permitted by the Constitution itself, it can open its interpretation to the influence of international law and EU law. The concept of the Constitution as primary and supreme law gives rise to the principle of the supremacy of the Constitution. The essence of this principle is that no law or other legal act may contradict the Constitution. The Constitution is the measure of the constitutionality (lawfulness, legitimacy) of all laws and other legal acts. The principle of the supremacy of the Constitution is the basis and raison d'etre of constitutional review. The principle of the supremacy of the Constitution implies that, in constitutional review, an assessment is carried out of the compliance of a legal act with the Constitution as a whole - an integral and coherent system of constitutional principles and norms; there may be no such legal acts that have immunity from constitutional review and could not be examined in terms of their compliance with the Constitution. The principle of the supremacy of the Constitution also implies such powers of constitutional review that are necessary to properly administer constitutional justice and guarantee the supremacy of the Constitution and constitutional lawfulness in the course of solving constitutional disputes. [Extract, p. 581-582]