„Per tamstos laišką į mane padvelkė tikras pavasaris“: Antano Vienuolio-Žukausko ir tremtinių bei politinių kalinių ir jų artimųjų epistolinis palikimas

LTKnygoje skelbiamas iš Anykščių kilusio rašytojo prozininko, dramaturgo, Kaukazo legendų ir apsakymo "Paskenduolė" autoriaus, vaistininko, pirmojo memorialinio muziejaus Lietuvoje - dabartinio Antano Baranausko ir Antano Vienuolio-Žukausko memorialinio muziejaus Anykščiuose - 1927 metais įkūrėjo ir tris kartus (1947, 1951 ir 1955 m.) Lietuvos SSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos deputatu išrinkto Antano Vienuolio-Žukausko (1882-1957) ir tremtinių bei politinių kalinių ir jų artimųjų epistolinis palikimas. Jį sudaro trisdešimt keturių (neskaičiuojant A. Vienuolio-Žukausko) adresantų 175 laiškai, atvirlaiškiai, atvirlaiškiai-perlaidos, telegramos ir sveikinimai, kurių chronologinės ribos -1944-1957 metai. Dauguma laiškų parašyta per šeštąjį dešimtmetį. Išimtimi laikytinas tik dešimties Stasio Žukausko 1944-1945 m. laikotarpiu iš Rusijos kalėjimų tėvui A. Vienuoliui-Žukauskui rašytų trikampių laiškų-vokų ir atvirlaiškių pluoštelis bei dar keli kitų adresantų penktojo dešimtmečio antroje pusėje parašyti laiškai. Didžioji dalis laiškų skelbiama pirmą kartą. Jie surinkti iš įvairių Lietuvos atminties institucijų. Visi laiškai transkribuoti, o juos papildantys šaltiniai, liudijantys rašytojo įvairiopą paramą ir pagalbą tremtyje bei lageriuose atsidūrusiems ir vėliau iš jų sugrįžusiems tautiečiams (įvairūs A. Vienuolio-Žukausko parengti raštai ir jų nuorašai bei juodraščiai, taip pat tremtinių ir politinių kalinių bei jų artimųjų parengti raštai ir jų nuorašai bei juodraščiai, ant kurių rašytojo parašyti palaikomieji prierašai), skelbiami faksimilėmis kaip iliustracijos. Šaltinių publikacija parengta su išsamiais komentarais. Skelbiamas epistolinis palikimas ir jį papildantys šaltiniai tampa kilnių dideliu jautrumu pasižymėjusio A. Vienuolio-Žukausko siekių ir darbų liudininkais.Jie padeda atskleisti iki šiol tik trafaretiškai tebuvusią nušviestą vieno žymiausių Anykščių krašto rašytojo ir muziejininkystės pradininko biografijos pusę. Laiškuose, be kitko, gausu gyvenimo tremtyje bei lageriuose kasdienybės aprašymo detalių, kurios svarbios rekonstruojant lietuvių tautos sovietinės okupacijos metais sunkią padėtį ir sąlygas tremtyje bei lageriuose. Iš laiškų turinio atsiveria sudėtingo XX amžiaus šeštojo dešimtmečio Lietuvos kultūrinio, politinio irvisuomeninio gyvenimo realijų panorama. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: 20 amžius; Laiškai; Partizanai; Tremtiniai; Istoriniai šaltiniai; The Lithuanian XX c. history; Partisans; Exiles; Historical sources.

ENFor the major part of our society Antanas Vienuolis-Žukauskas (1882-1957), a native of Anykščiai, is first of all a prosaist, dramatist, the author of Caucasus legends and of the story 'Paskenduolė" (The maiden who drowned herself), a pharmacist and the founder of the first memorial museum in Lithuania in 1927 - the current Anykščiai Memorial-House of Antanas Baranauskas and Antanas Vienuolis-Žukauskas. And only those, who are at least a bit closer acquainted with the writer's biography, know that A. Vienuolis-Žukauskas was even thrice - in 1947, 1951 and in 1955 - elected the deputy of the Supreme Council of Lithuanian SSR. This publication of sources - the epistolary heritage of deportees, political prisoners and their relatives as well as archival sources - strives to disclose a certain part of A. Vienuolis-Žukauskas' activities as a deputy that requires a closer view. He was one of those few deputies of the Supreme Council of Lithuanian SSR who used his status to help and to provide many sided support to his countrymen who found themselves in exile and Soviet labour camps. The compilers of the publication attempted to collect and to publish in one book the following data: 1) the whole known to them and accessible epistolary heritage of letters between A. Vienuolis-Žukauskas and deportees and political prisoners and their relatives, 2) the sources that supplement the said epistolary heritage witnessing about diverse support and help of the writer supplied to his countrymen who were in exile and labour camps and who later returned from there - different documents prepared by A. Vienuolis-Žukauskas, their copies and rough copies, as well as papers prepared by deportees and political prisoners and their relatives, and their copies and rough copies which bear favourable notes written by the writer.All letters have been transcribed and the sources supplementing them have been given as illustrations. As people frequently addressed A. Vienuolis-Žukauskas asking him for advice how to help their relatives in exile, the compilers set an important task to identify the authors of all letters as well as their relatives mentioned in those letters and to prepare their biograms on the basis of their case files held in the Lithuanian Special Archives - documents related to the Ministry of Interior (MVD) and Committee for State Security (KGB) and other sources. The epistolary heritage of A. Vienuolis-Žukauskas and deportees, political prisoners and their relatives consists of thirty four (not including A. Vienuolis-Žukauskas) addressees 175 letters, postcards, postal orders, telegrams and greeting postcards (chronological limits - 1944-1957). The major part of letters are published for the first time. They have been collected from different Lithuanian memorial institutions - the Memorial Museum of Antanas Baranauskas and Antanas Vienuolis-Žukauskas (16), Manuscript Department of the Library of the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore (40), Lithuanian Central State Archyves (1), Lithuanian Special Archyves, MVD document section (1), Department of Rare Books and Manuscripts of Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania (12), Maironis Lithuanian Literature Museum (1) and Vilnius University Library Manuscript Department (101) collections as well as from the private archives of one person (1). One letter was transcribed from its published facsimile. The beginning of one of the letters was found in the Manuscript section of the Lithuanian Literature and Folklore while its end was discovered at Vilnius University Library Manuscript Department.It turned out that in certain cases letters and their additions or supplements were held in different institutions. In addition, many sources mentioned in published letters and scattered in different institutions were frequently considered as vague and without context. We tried to insert them into the context with the help of commentaries describing or explaining their affinity to the letters. By means of commentaries this book allowed us to interconnect the documentary heritage of A. Vienuolis-Žukauskas dispersed in different institutions. The majority of published letters were written during the sixties. Only ten letters of Stasys Žukauskas written to his father A. Vienuolis-Žukauskas from Russian prisons throughout 1944-1945 - a small pile of triangle envelopes and postcards - and several letters written by other addressees in the second half of the fifties might be considered an exception. Representatives of different professions wrote letters to the writer applying for one or another kind of help - lawyer and jurist Zigmas Toliušis, publisher and editor of the culture journal "Naujoji Romuva" Juozas Keliuotis, poet and prosaist Kazys Inčiūra, relatives of former official officers of state, teachers, pharmacists, a doctor, a journalist, an artist, a student, a schoolboy, farmers etc., who found themselves in exile. Most frequently those people have been accused and sentenced because they or their relatives had a farm, used hired labour, participated in partisan movement or supported partisans, or have worked in the institutions of the Republic of Lithuania or German occupation institutions, were members of the Lithuanian Riflemen's Union or other unions. [...]. [Extract, p. 480-481]