ENIn this article, I would like to discuss the dissemination of German culture in historical Lithuania, and name its representatives in the academic community, which in the period in question was centred in Vilnius University. Vilnius University Library, the amassment and replenishment of whose stocks are a reflection of the life of the whole academic society, was an important agent in keeping relations with scientific centres of Western Europe. I use the term "New Enlightenment" in order to stress the social and intellectual changes in Lithuania after the third and last Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. During the period that followed, most of historic Lithuania became part of the Russian Empire until, in 1803, Vilnius University was named the Imperial University of Vilna. [...].