Iš kaplių į kirvius, iš kirvių į kaplius – apie antrinį geležinių kaplių ir kirvių panaudojimą

LTStraipsnis skirtas aptarti iki šiol Lietuvoje detaliau nenagrinėtam antriniam daiktų panaudojimui. Pavyzdžiu pasirinkti geležies amžiaus pentiniai kirviai ir kapliai, kurie buvo deformuoti ir perdaryti, pakeičiant jų funkciją. Nepaisant korozijos, atrodo, kad tiek kirviai, tiek kapliai prieš persukimą buvo naudoti. Kirvių ir kaplių gamybos technologija panaši, o juos persukti nesunku. Tačiau vargu ar galima šį veiksmą paaiškinti tik praktiniais motyvais. Straipsnyje bandoma išaiškinti galimas tokios transformacijos priežastis. Persukti kirviai ir kapliai nagrinėjami kaip žmogaus elgsenos pavyzdžiai, atskleidžiantys ne tik funkcinius, bet ir socialinius, komunikacinius bei psichologinius antrinio daikto panaudojimo aspektus. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Geležies amžius; Kirviai; Kapliai; Antrinis panaudojimas; Transformacija; Persirengimas; Iron Age; Axes; Hoes; Reuse; Transformation; Cross-dressing.

ENThe article discusses unusually-made, narrow, singlebladed iron axes and hoes discovered in Lithuania and Latvia. They are called ‘unusually-made’ because of their distinctive production technology. With all of them, at the narrowest part of the head, there are signs of a distinct rotation along the longitudinal axis, i.e. the but has been twisted 90º in respect to the blade. It is therefore thought that the axes were produced from hoes, and vice versa. In such a case, it is possible to speak about the reuse of tools. In the archaeology of the Baltic States this aspect has so far not been very thoroughly investigated. The technologies for the production of axes and hoes are similar and it is not difficult to rotate their blades. It would, however, hardly be possible to explain this action on the basis of just practical reasons. The article attempts to ascertain the possible reasons for this transformation. The axes and hoes with rotated blades are investigated as examples of human behaviour, which reveals not only functional but also social, communicative, and psychological aspects of reusing items. The small number of such finds, their broad chronological distribution, and their exceptional context show their special significance for the people of that time. Although in some instances, it is possible to associate axes made from hoes with certain conflict events, the authors think that hoes were not turned int axes in order to mount a hasty defence and label this conversion a non-practicality related reuse of an object. On the contrary, in this process the authors see the union of thing and man, and even more, the interconnection of two people. Because hoes are mostly discovered in female burials and associated with females, while axes are a part of everyday male life, in this conversion of objects the authors see a symbolic significance where a woman links herself with a man, and vice versa.This is especially manifest in respect to the axes with rotated blades found in male burials together with weapons (spearheads). These objects can be perceived as a means of communication that conveys various types of information to one another or to the entire community. The authors also endorse an idea about the existence about cultural gender changes or crossdressing in Iron Age communities. The ideas set forth in the article are the beginning of new insights about the broad interpretive possibilities of the reuse of objects. [From the publication]

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