Vilniaus muzikas, fotografas ir poetas Faustynas Łopatyńskis (1825-1886): lietuviški kūrybinės veiklos punktyrai

LTKnygoje pristatoma XIX a. II pusėje Vilniuje gyvenusio, dirbusio ir Rasų kapinėse palaidoto Faustyno Łopatyńskio kūrybinė biografija, apimanti net kelias jo įvairiapusės meninės veiklos sritis - muziką, fotografiją ir poeziją. Bajorų kilmės menininkas buvo tarp tų inteligentų, kurie, nepaisant imperinės Rusijos režimo keliamų pavojų, puoselėjo rusenančią LDK bajoriškos kultūros atmintį. Čia analizuojami F. Łopatyńskio kūrybos puslapiai byloja lituanistinės tematikos svarbą, atskleisti biografijos faktai išryškina jo sąsajas su artimiausia bendraminčių aplinka, kurioje buvo daugelis žinomų Lietuvos kultūros veikėjų. Vilniečio kūryba liudija dėmesį Lietuvos istorijai ir lietuvių kalbai, jo atliktos fotografijos papildo žinias apie šios veiklos pirmeivius, dokumentuoja Vilniaus ir Lietuvos gyventojų paveikslą. Skelbiama medžiaga ir įžvalgos, manoma, galės būti naudingos ne tik menotyrininkams, įvairių meno sričių istorijos ir kultūros paveldo tyrėjams, bet ir visiems besidomintiems Vilniaus istorija. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Faustynas Łopatyńskis; Muzikai; Fotografai; Poetai; Faustyn Łopatyński; Musicians; Photographers; Poets.

ENThough in the second half of the 19th century the public life in Lithuania was under the constraints of the imperial regime, there was still a memory of the noble culture coming from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It determined the continuity of earlier political and cultural traditions inherent in the views of a part of the nobility of Lithuania: the noble intellectuals from artistic and other fields.still repeated the name of Lithuania as if the code of personal identification. Due to the complicated circumstances of political or personal life, a number of those who preserved the self-conception close to the resident of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and considered themselves the patriots of historical Lithuania are not very well known today. In this case as well we can recreate a peculiar page of the cultural history of Lithuania - the creative biography of Faustyn Łopatyński (1825-1886), a musician, photographer and poet of noble descent (coat of arms Łopot), who lived in Vilnius in the second half of the 19th century - from separate fragments only. The quality of cultural life in Vilnius, love for ones country, attention to the history of Lithuania and the Lithuanian language were among the artists major concerns. The book updates the dates of his birth and death, provides information about his noble descent, highlights the patriotic motives of his versatile activities and reveals his contacts with a number of figures of culture who played a role in the history of Lithuania: Władysław Syrokomla, Jan Karłowicz, Adam Honory Kirkor, Mikalojus Akelaitis, members of the Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission, founders of the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities, visitors of the Römer house, editors of "Album Wileńskie" (vel Album de Wilna).Łopatyński lived during a particularly difficult period o f the 19th century public life of Lithuania: his young days were marked by the suppression of the November Uprising (1830-1831) and the punitive measures deployed by the Imperial Russian government; the years of his artistic maturity were under the constraints of post-rebellion repressions and political censorship imposed on Lithuania after another ill-fated January Uprising (1863-1864). These events, which had devastating consequences on society, also left their imprint on cultural public life: Vilnius University was closed (1832); a number of schools, Catholic churches and monasteries suffered the same fate; a lot of figures of culture, including musicians, poets, photographers, were exiled. The intensifying Russification policy culminated in the Lithuanian press ban replacing the Latin alphabet with Cyrillic, which came into force after the 1863-1864 events. However, this new order humiliating national dignity provoked a growing response: Lithuanian books were printed in Lithuania Minor, the USA; the risky job of transporting these books was done by the so-called book-smugglers (Lith. knygnešiai). After the November Uprising was defeated, a part of the nobility of Lithuania did not lose hope and aspiration to restore their state and to maintain the cultural traditions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. When the Vilnius Academy of Medicine and Surgery was closed in 1842 and the Theological (Roman Catholic) Academy was moved to Saint Petersburg, the project implemented by Eustachy Tyszkiewicz was of paramount importance for Lithuania: the Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission and the Museum of Antiquities founded by him brought together patriotically-minded individuals into a cultural movement and, in addition to scientific, educational and museum activities, promoted the idea of reopening Vilnius University.The Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission had several dozen members and museum supporters from around Lithuania, including the personalities of expressly pro-Lithuanian orientation with whom Łopatyński engaged in collegial communication and cooperation: Mikalojus Akelaitis, Adam Honory Kirkor, Władysław Syrokomla (real name: Ludwik Kondratowicz), etc. Though Lithuania lost its statehood, it was not possible to denationalise and isolate it from Western Europe and the world completely. The progress of art, science and culture as well as the ideas of national movements known as the Spring of Nations made their way from various countries through the barriers of imperial censorship. The postulates of the Enlightenment and the aspirations of Romanticism revived the knowledge about the history of Lithuania and drew attention to the Lithuanian language. Russia itself witnessed more liberal periods of "thaw" which were also beneficial for Lithuania’s public and cultural life in one way or another. The expansion of Vilnius was driven by natural urban development needs. The capital of Lithuania brought together the residents of various professions and social classes, with intellectuals playing an important role. The technical innovations of the epoch made their way to the whole of the Russian Empire. In the 2nd half of the 19th century Vilnius became more accessible to the world by telegraph (the first telegram was sent from Vilnius in 1859) and railway (the railway line Saint Petersburg-Warsaw (through Vilnius) was built in 1862). The technical progress brought photography to life: at first, daguerreotypes - visual records on metal plates - were invented (they were used in Lithuania from 1839). [...]. [Extract, p. 192-195]

• Muzikologija / Musicology
• Menotyra / Arts