Lietuvos ekslibrisas: kūrėjai, konkursai, parodos (1918-2018)
LTStraipsnyje trumpai apžvelgiama Lietuvos ekslibriso istorija, lietuviško knygos ženklo raida, kūrėjai, parodos ir konkursai nuo 1918 m. iki 2018 m. Lietuviško ekslibriso istorijos kaita skirstoma į šiuos laikotarpius: tarpukario - nuo 1918 m. iki 1940 m., Antrojo pasaulinio karo ir okupacijų - nuo 1940 m. iki 1944 m., sovietmečio okupacijos - nuo 1945 m. iki 1989 m. Atkurtos Lietuvos laikotarpis - nuo 1990 m. iki XXI a. pr. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: A. Rūkštelė; A.Tamošaitis; Ekslibrisas; F. Ruščicas; G. Bagdonavicius; Grafika; J. Buračas; J. Burba; J. Savickis; J. Steponavičius; K. Šimonis; Knygų grafika; M. Bulaka; M. Dobužinskis; Mažoji Lietuva; P. Galaunė; P. Rimša; Sovietmetis; Superekslibrisas; Tarpukaris; V. Bičiūnas; V. K. Jonynas; V. Kalinauskas; A. Rūkštelė; A.Tamošaitis; Book graphics; Ex libris; F. Ruščicas; G. Bagdonavicius; Graphics; Interwar period; J. Buračas; J. Burba; J. Savickis; J. Steponavičius; K. Šimonis; Lithuania; Lithuania Minor; M. Bulaka; M. Dobužinskis; P. Rimša; Paulius Galaunė; Soviet era; Super ex libris; V. Bičiūnas; V. K. Jonynas; V. Kalinauskas.
ENThe article overviews the history and development of ex libris in Lithuania since 2018. The development of Lithuanian ex libris until 2018, can be divided into following periods: interwar - between 1918 and 1940, World War II and occupation periods - between 1940 and 1944, occupation in the Soviet times - between 1945 and 1989, the Restored Lithuania - from 1990 until the beginning of the 21st century. The first ex libris with Lithuanian text appeared at the end of the 19th century. A lot of Lithuanian bookplates at the end of the 19th century were created in Lithuania Minor, where the Lithuanian language was not suppressed by Lithuanian press ban. The first drawn ex libris in Lithuania is considered to be the bookplate with Lithuanian inscription created in 1904 and dedicated to a canon J. Tumas-Vaižgantas (1869-1933). This bookplate depicts a woman writing in a big book and a snake is attempting to bite her foot. This image was the symbol of the years of Lithuanian press ban. In the 2nd decade of the 20th century, the art historian and artist Paulius Galaunė (1890-1988) started to popularize ex libris in Lithuania. In 1918, he started to collect ex libris. Moreover, P. Galaunė not only collected ex libris but also created them himself. The accumulated knowledge of ex libris P. Galaunė summarized in the publication "Ex Libris in Lithuania (16 - 20th century)", which was published in 1926 in the fourth book "Nation and Word". In 1928, in Kaunas, P. Galaunė organized the first two exhibitions of ex libris in Lithuania. In 1929, the Lithuanian ex libris for the first time was exhibited abroad in Royal Museum of Art and History, Belgium.During the interwar period in Lithuania, ex libris were created by the following artists: G. Bagdonavičius, V. Bičiūnas, J. Buračas, M. Bulaka, J. Burba, M. Dobužinskis, P. Galaunė, J. Savickis, J. Steponavičius, K. Šimonis, V. K. Jonynas, P. Rimša, A. Rūkštelė, F. Ruščicas, A.Tamošaitis and others. Ex libris in Lithuania was the art of Sąjūdis (Engl. Movement), representing the country abroad during the Soviet times. The artists A. Čepauskas, G. Didelytė, S. Eidrigevičius, A. Gedminas, R. V. Gibavičius, V. Kalinauskas, V. Kisarauskas, A. Kliševičius, A. Kmieliauskas, A. Kučas, J. Kuzminskis (senior), V. V. Jucys, S. Medytė, K. Ramonas, M. K. Vilutis and others not only created ex libris, but also actively promoted this art of graphics. During the Soviet times, the first Republican ex libris exhibition was held in 1960. Its organizer was V. Kalinauskas. Since 1969, the contests of ex libris have been organized in Lithuania. In 1969, Vilnius University library, commemorating its 400th anniversary, announced the contest of ex libris. Since 1977, the international Vilnius ex libris biennials have been organized, where the artists from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and with the guests' rights the artists from other countries have been participating. In 1988, in Vilnius, the first international ex libris contest in Lithuania "Vilnius - metropolis Lithuania" was announced. On September 3,1992 in Japan, in city Sapporo, during the 24th international congress of ex libris creators and amateur association (FISAE), Lithuania was admitted to this international organization.During the Soviet times and after the restoration of Lithuania's independence, the ex libris were created by V. Ajauskas, V. Antanavičius, R. Buivydas, A. V. Burba, S. Chlebinskas, V. Daniliauskaitė, P. Gaidamavičius, A. Galdikas, D. Gražienė, S. Katauskas, V. Kosciuška, E. K. Kriaučiūnaitė, J. Kuzminskis, V. Janulis, К. Juodikaitis, A. Kmieliauskas, I. Labutytė, M. Liugaila, A. Matuliauskas, J. Petrauskas, M. Petrulis, R. Prišmontienė, К. Ramonas, H. Ratkevičius, P. Rauduvė, P. Repšys, E. P. Stasiulis, A. Surgailienė, N. Šaltenytė, P. Šiaučiūnas, A. Švažas, D.Tarabildienė and others; in the exile - P. Augius-Augustinavičius, V. Ignas-lgnatavičius, Ž. Mikšys, K. Švainauskas, V. Petravičius, A. Vaičaitis, H. Vepštienė, R. Viesulas, V. O. Virkau and others. At the end of the 20th century - the beginning of the 21 st century, in Lithuania ex libris were created usually refusing of their usual mission, traditional composition; the formats of ex libris became larger, they became more ornate, new techniques of graphics appeared, computer technologies were used to create bookplates as well. Modern ex libris is not a unique bookplate, but also the object of international events - congresses, conferences, seminars, contests, and exhibitions. Art historians, exhibitors, collectors from different countries pay a lot of attention to Lithuanian ex libris. Ex libris is a cultural heritage and Lithuania has to preserve it and popularize, as, according to V. Kisarauskas, all this makes a wonderful unity of art, book and culture, a tune of human's worldly and spiritual life. [From the publication]
