Bendruomenė, teritorija, vardas - jų kaita XX a. II pusėje - XXI a. pradžioje
LTĮjungus Lietuvą į Sovietų Sąjungos sudėtį, XX šimtmečio antroji pusė kaimiškajai Lietuvos daliai buvo lemtinga. Tuometinės kraštovaizdžio ir bendruomenių pertvarkos įtaka lietuvių kultūrai dar nėra iki galo suprasta ir įvertinta. Straipsnyje analizuojama gyvenamųjų vietovių kaita, atkreipiant dėmesį į visus tris jų požymius: bendruomenę, teritoriją ir vardus. Dėmesys vardams šiuo atveju išskirtinis, nes per du dešimtmečius sovietų laikais iš valstybinės apskaitos duomenų išbraukta apie 4000 gyvenamųjų vietovių vardų, o ir atkūrus valstybingumą istorinių vardų panaikinama daugiau negu atkuriama, nors tai yra svarbūs krašto kultūros istorijos liudytojai, dvasinis saitas tarp žmonių ir žemės. Lietuvoje yra dar per 4000 kaimų ir viensėdžių be gyventojų. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Kaimai; Bendruomenės; Vardai; Kultūros paveldas; Villages; Communities; Place names; Cultural Heritage.
ENThe inclusion of Lithuania into the Soviet Union led to the fact that the second half of the 20th century was fatal to the neighboring üate. The influence of landscape and community transformation on Lithuanian culture is not yet fully understood and appreciated. The article analyzes the change of residential area, paying attention to all three of their features: community, territory and names. Special attention is paid to the names of residential areas. Because it is important for the national culture. The village names recognize the facts of the history of the country, the former natural environment, the places of origin of families. Since over two decades of the Soviet period, 4000 names of residential areas have been deleted from the Slate data. For a small Lithuanian nation, this is a major cultural loss The purpose of the research: to analyze the condition of residential areas inherited from the Soviet times. Tasks: to review the changes in residential areas and the destruction of names during the Soviet period; Review the restoration and abolition of the names of residential areas during the period of independence discuss the need for restitution of abandoned names in residential areas The study of the change of habitat was carried out on the basis of the population census data of 1959, 1989 and 2011. Data on the residential areas that were abolished in the Soviet era are searched in the knowledge of the Supreme Council of the Lithuanian SSR and the Government. Village elimination of the reasons for referring to the documents searched in the Central State Archive of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Fund (R-758).After joining the Soviet Union in the middle of the 20th century, the nationalization of land and property was carried out and collective farms were created. In the 1965, the adaptation of the agrarian landscape Structure to industrial agriculture was begun - the land reclamation of wetlands and the abolition of single-country farmsteads. In the course of this transformation, the old settlement Structure (detached house) was destroyed, and together with it the traditional small village communities were destroyed. Since 1968 the names of the remaining villages without inhabitants were abolished from the State data. Most of the place names were deleted in 1972 - 945. Such a large amount reflects the intensity of the reforms carried out. [...] According to official data, 3594 residential places and their names disappeared from the State accounting data; orders were found for 4184 cancellations. The other 2026 names of villages, that did not have inhabitants were not eliminated from public accounting data. In total, during the Soviet period, 5620 traditional rural communities were destroyed. After the restoration of the Statehood of Lithuania, the Soviet laws abolishing the names of residential areas were not canceled. In villages outside the revision, the elimination of historical names is also more than restored. Meanwhile the number of villages without population in 2011 increased by more than 4200. The names of these residential areas are threatened to be removed from Slate documents. They need legal protection by declaring them to be objects of a memorable heritage. [From the publication]
