Lietuvos partizanų tapatybės dėlionė

LTStraipsnyje pirmą kartą iš arčiau žvelgiama į 1944-1953 m. Lietuvos partizanų savivoką - kokia ir iš dalies kaip jų tapatybė buvo kuriama. Duomenų tam teikia dokumentai, laiškai, kai kurios baudžiamosios bylos, taip pat laisvės kovos dalyvių ir amžininkų prisiminimai. Atskaitos taškas - partizanų kolektyvinė (vanagai, žaliukai, žalgiriečiai, miškiniai arba giriniai, kovos broliai ir sesės, miško broliai) ir glaudžiai susijusi asmeninė tapatybė - pastarąją liudija slapyvardžiais tapę didžiųjų kunigaikščių vardai ir ypač dažnai - gamtos jėgų ir reiškinių, paukščių, žvėrių, augalų pavadinimai. Nors prie partizanų asmenybių, gyvenimo ir kovos tyrėjai dar ne kartą grįš ateityje, šiandien galima padaryti pirmąsias svarbias išvadas: 1944-1949 m. daugelyje Lietuvos vietų vyravo partizanų savivardis "vanagai", vienas į kitą jie tuo laikotarpiu ir vėliau kreipdavosi "broli", "sese" ir tarė naująjį vardą - slapyvardį. Tai buvo visiškai slapta miško brolija, kurios gyvenimas net giminėms iki šiol yra neatskleista paslaptis. Manoma, kad būtent tai šiuolaikinei visuomenei trukdo partizanus, arba miškinius, priimti kaip savus ir jų pasiaukojimą deramai įvertinti. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ginkluota rezistencija; Miško broliai; Partizanai; Slapyvardis; Sovietų Sąjunga (SSRS; Soviet Union; USSR); Tapatybė; Armed resistance; Forest brothers; Identity; Lithuania; Nickname; Partisans; Pseudonym; Soviet Union.

ENIn 1944, with the start of the second Soviet occupation, the partisan collective identity was based on that of a hawk (Lith. vanagas) - a free and high-soaring predatory bird. The name "vanagas" or "partisan vanagas" was widely used until February 1949. Supporters often called the partisans vanagas, while most of the other people in the region referred to them as "miškiniai" (from the forest). There is very little data on whether the partisans used the name miškiniai to describe themselves. However, their self-identity was evidenced by some pseudonyms, memories, and slang, which, together with their appearance, were an integral part of the collective and personal partisan identity. The fact that most partisans did not hide their given (Christian) name, yet many contemporaries and comrades of these freedom fighters called them by their pseudonyms, i.e. their "new" names, confirmed that at the time there were deep changes in personal identity. Now the idea is to consider them as a certain kind of puzzle, where one identity (e.g. that of ploughman, student, soldier) was changed to or merged with the identity of the miškinis partisan. The nature of these changes in identity is evidenced by the 30 most popular partisan pseudonyms. A quarter of them are national names, or the names of the grand dukes, while most (3/4) names come from the forces of nature and other phenomena, from birds, animals, and plants. These names were matched to the long hair of the partisan, their slang, or other features of their image.From the very beginning, the partisan vanagai called each other brothers, they formed a secret "forest brotherhood", where they were joined by their parents, uncles, matrons, brothers-in-law, and other relatives. The relationships of the "miškiniai" with their parents, wives, and children was weak or non-existent. Therefore, not even their close relatives can really say anything about the lives of the "miškiniai" in their families. Once they crossed the threshold of their home, the partisans bid farewell to their life on "this side"; they either died fighting or were brought back from the forest by force. These difficult changes and becoming a miškinis could be one of the underlying reasons why society still finds it difficult to accept the partisans as their own, understand the magnitude of their decision, their deeds, to accept their experience and thank them for the greatest sacrifice - their lives on the altar of their homeland’s freedom. [From the publication]