Tirti patiriant. Nauja šventviečių tyrimo prieiga

LTStraipsnyje keliamas Lietuvos šventviečių tyrimų metodologijos klausimas. Norima parodyti, kaip keičiantis šventvietės suvokimui gali atsirasti naujos metodologinės kryptys joms tyrinėti. Pirmą kartą reiškiamas kitoks požiūris į šventvietes: atsisakius istorinės perspektyvos, chronologija ir datavimas netenka prasmės, o šventviečių tyrimo būdai siūlomi ne archeologiniai ar istoriniai, bet paremti religijotyros ir filosofijos metodologijomis. Siūlomoji nauja prieiga remiasi dviejų skirtingų metodologijų - fenomenologijos ir religijos sociologijos - jungtimi. Jos esmė - fenomenologinis pažinimas per patirtis. Taip šventvietė atsiskleidžia nebe vien kaip senosios religijos objektas, bet ir kaip lietuviškos prigimtinės kultūros reiškinys. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Fenomenologija; Islamas; Judaizmas; Krikščionybė; Metodologija; Religijos sociologija; Religijotyra; Tyrimai; Šventvietės; Christianity; Islam; Judaism; Methodology; Phenomenology; Religion; Religious studies; Research, methodology; Sacred places; Shrines; Sociology of religion.

ENIn this article author proposes a new theoretical perspective for studying ancient sacred places. Instead of focusing mainly on historical and archaeological data, we could try to adapt ways of philosophy and religious studies. The author picks phenomenology as the main methodological instrument to study sacred places and combine it with sociology of religion. This merging of two completely different schools of religious studies unfolds in the works of J. C. Bleeker (1898-1983). He proposed a phenomenological approach of three steps: 1) "Theoria" - a phenomenological inquiry of human experience; 2) "logos" - an effort to take religious phenomena to the social perspective; and 3) "entelecheia" - the same phenomena put back in historical context. In this case we can encompass a wide range of information about sacred places. Suddenly, the scholar is not limited to pre-historic times. The main source of data becomes human experience through folklore, stories and memories. This approach shows how sacred places in Lithuania are something more than simply a religious object. Following the works of S. N. Balagangadhara, the term "religion" itself originated in western tradition and is more suitable to describe monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam). He suggests that we should use a word "worldview" instead, while talking about so-called indigenous religions (like the ancient Baltic religion) or the East (Hinduism, Buddhism, etc.). In this article the author proposes to view sacred place as a part of indigenous Lithuanian culture (which includes xoorldview), better than a cult object of ancient religion. [From the publication]

• Teologija / Theology
• Etnologija / Ethnology
• Sociologija / Sociology
• Archeologija / Archaeology