Kriminalistika Lietuvoje 1918-2018 metais

LTŠio straipsnio autoriai atstovaujantys du pagrindinius akademinius kriminalistikos centrus Lietuvoje iškėlė sau uždavinį konceptualiai pažvelgti į kriminalistikos raidą Lietuvoje nuo Nepriklausomybės atkūrimo 1918 metais iki mūsų dienų kitų šalių kontekste ir skiria šį straipsnį Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimo šimtmečiui pažymėti. Kriminalistikos raidą Lietuvoje galima suskirstyti į tris pagrindinius etapus: nuo nepriklausomybės atkūrimo 1918 m. iki 1940 m; sovietinį etapą nuo 1940 iki 1990 m. (su 1941-1944 m. Vokietijos okupacijos laikotarpiu); šiuolaikinį etapą nuo 1990 m. iki mūsų dienų. Straipsnio autorių nuomone, kriminalistika Lietuvoje pakankamai klaidžiojusi klystkeliais, turi galimybę eiti kartu su kitomis Europos šalimis bendros Europos kriminalistikos erdvės kūrimo keliu. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimas; Teisės istorija; Kriminalistika; Bendradarbiavimas; Europos kriminalistikos erdvė; Reestablishment of Lithuanias independence; Criminalistic; Lithuania law history; European space of criminalistics.

ENThis article conceptually reviews the development of criminalistics in Lithuania from the restoration of Independence to the present day in the context o f other countries. This article is dedicated to the centenary of the restoration of Lithuania's independence. The development of the science of criminalistics in Lithuania can be divided into three main stages: from the restoration of independence in 1918 until 1940; the Soviet stage from 1940 to 1990 (with the period of German occupation 1941-1944); the modem stage since 1990 to our days. The science of criminalistics in the interwar period in Lithuania turned in two main directions: raising the level of intellect and profession of police and interogation officers by using their latest scientific and technological achievements that explains crime and helps to follow criminals. It has been written repeatedly in the Lithuanian press during the interwar period, that in the regard of these two directions, Lithuania did not stay away from the Western Europe, and in some cases even surpassed it. The second stage of the science of criminalistics in Lithuania is associated with the loss of independence and incorporation of the country into the Soviet Union. The development o f the science of criminalistics and forensics began again and was developed in accordance with the centralized Soviet model. At the beginning, attention was focused on the development of the applied material base and the training and recruitment of specialists from Russia and other regions of the Soviet Union.In Soviet times (1940-1990), the thought of criminalistics in Lithuania did not fade, it was further developed, although it was often tempted by excessive ideologization and politicization. After the reestablishment of Lithuania's independence, new opportunities were created for the development of the science of criminalistics. Opportunities have arisen to focus on the Western concept of the criminalistics science, its principles and laws of development. It is worth mentioning the main factors that led to the development of the science of criminalistics, they had an important role in the development of this science in Lithuania: in the country started the rapid development o f practical criminalistics and expert institutions, international cooperation intensified; many young talented scientists started doing the research work, and scientific institutions became stronger. According to the authors, in the future it is necessary to create a scientific concept of effective management of the system of the criminalistics and expert institutions and think of the realisation of this concept in the context of European changes. It is also necessary to scientifically substantiate the strategy of criminialistics policy in Lithuania, to reveal the possibilities of the development of the criminalistics and expert institutions and to develop a model of forensic education o f the Lithuanian legal community. Criminalistics in Lithuania, having roamed the wrong way, has the opportunity to go along with other European countries by creating a common European space of criminalistics. [From the publication]