Analitinės psichologijos idėjų raida: kompleksai ir archetipai

LTStraipsnis skirtas analitinės psichologijos idėjų sklaidos analizei. Jame svarstomi įvairių pasąmonės modelių privalumai ir trūkumai, atskleidžiama pagrindinių kolektyvinės pasąmonės struktūros apibūdinimui taikomų sąvokų specifika analitinėje ir archetipinėje psichologijoje. Straipsnyje grindžiama idėja, jog kai kurių kolektyvinės pasąmonės aspektų apibūdinimui, šalia instinkto ir archetipo sąvokų, sėkmingai gali būti taikoma ir kolektyvinio komplekso sąvoka. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Analitinė psichologija; Archetipinė psichologija; Carlas Gustavas Jungas; Pasąmonė; Kompleksai; Archetipai; Analytical psychology; Archetypal psychology; Carl Custav Jung; Unconscious; Complexes; Archetypes.

ENThe article analyzes the developement of ideas of Analytical Psychology. It considers the advantages and the shortcomings of various unconscious models, discloses the peculiarity of the main concepts applied in Analytical and Archetypical psychology for collective unconscious description. The idea is being grounded that along with the concepts of instinct and archetype the notion of collective complex can be successfully used for collective unconscious characterization. Analytical psychology distinguishes two main parts of the psyche: the conscious and the unconscious. It also postulates the priority of the unconscious over the conscious. Part of the content of the unconscious is formed through individual experience and comprises the so-called individual unconscious; another part is a result of group or collective experience and comprises the so-called collective unconscious. Unlike Jung, who devoted most of his attention to psychotherapy, the representatives of archetypal psychology study the origin and development of collective images in the most diverse areas, that are usually not related or only slightly related to psychopathology or psychotherapy. According to the American scholar James Hillman, the term “archetype” refers to the entire culture, to all areas of human activity; therefore, archetypal psychology can be understood as a cultural movement and one of the goals of such a movement is to interpret the problems of traditional religion using the concepts of the collective unconscious. Besides Hillman, Henry Corbin, Roberts Avens, and Tom Cheetham have all made a considerable contribution to the development of archetypal psychology.Consequently, one of the objectives of archetypal psychology is to reveal the underlying powers of the collective unconscious that give rise to various social, political and religious movements. Jung himself revealed the importance of the newly reborn German-Scandinavian god Odin in the spread of fascist psychology. Besides this archetypal image of Odin, many other German and European psychic combinations that lay hidden in the common unconscious were also important in the formation of fascism. The analysis of these images is a task that still needs to be undertaken. Another important direction of archetypal psychology is research into the networking of the unconscious structures in society. For many thousands of years people were led by gods - the creators of the sky and the earth as well as animate and inanimate nature. With the beginning of industrialization artificial unconscious structures are gradually displacing the natural ones. We are entering the age of the mechanical unconscious. What is the fate of imagination in general and of the fundamental structures of imagination in particular under the conditions of the mechanical unconscious? This is another problem that calls for detailed research. [From the publication]