Pajamų nelygybės poveikis ekonomikos augimui aplinkos kanalu

LTTyrimo tikslas – išnagrinėjus pajamų nelygybės poveikio ekonomikos augimui aplinkos kanalu teorines interpretacijas, įvertinti pajamų nelygybės poveikį ekonomikos augimui skirtingose šalių grupėse. Rezultatai pagrįsti 28-ių ES šalių paneliniais duomenimis 1995–2017 m. laikotarpiu. Pirmoje straipsnio dalyje apibendrintos pajamų nelygybės poveikio ekonomikos augimui aplinkos kanalu teorijos. Antroje – sutelkti pajamų nelygybės poveikio ekonomikos augimui aplinkos kanalu vertinimo modeliai, pagrįsta vertinimo metodika ir aptariami empiriniame tyrime taikomi kintamieji. Trečioje dalyje nustatyta, kad didėjanti pajamų nelygybė daro nevienareikšmį poveikį ekonomikos augimui aplinkos kanalu. Nustatyta, kad pajamų nelygybė skatino ekonomikos augimą aplinkos kanalą atskleidžiant sieros oksidų atžvilgiu ir atsinaujinančios energijos dalimi, vertinant bendrą galutinį energijos suvartojimą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ekonomikos augimas; Oro tarša; Pajamų nelygybė; Air pollution; Economic growth; Income inequality.

ENThe aim of the research is to assess the impact of income inequality on economic growth after investigating theoretical interpretations of the impact of income inequality on economic growth and to empirically test it in different groups of the countries. The research problem: what is the impact of income inequality on economic growth and how to assess the impact of income inequality on economic growth. The research object is the impact of income inequality on economic growth. The research objectives: 1) To theoretically substantiate the transmission channels of the impact of income inequality on economic growth; 2) To empirically test the possibilities to apply the proposed models in the groups of EU states grouped according to the level of income inequality and the level of income per capita. Methods: While investigating the impact of income inequality on economic growth in the theoretical aspect, defining the concept of income inequality, also pointing out the factors determining income inequality, analysis of scientific literature is carried out. When assessing the level of investigation of the scientific problem of the paper as well as while designing the models and a set of research methods, generalisation, comparison, grouping of scientific literature are carried out, the method of modelling is applied. While proceeding with empirical research, analysis of statistical data, grouping, comparative analysis, graphic depiction of data, correlation and regression analysis of panel data are carried out. When assessing the impact of income inequality on economic growth, the method of ordinary least squares is applied. Since errors of the models realised by the method of ordinary least squares are characteristic of heteroscedasticity, values of econometric models are calculated by using robust standard errors (HAC).While carrying out econometric analysis, the data is logarithmised, differentiated, interaction of variables is calculated. The results are grounded on the panel data of 28 EU countries over the period 1995–2017. In the first part of the paper, the content and the concept of the phenomenon of income inequality are dealt with, also discussion questions of its measurement, the theories of the impact of income inequality on economic growth through environmental channel are generalised, analysis of empirical research works conducted by other authors investigating the impact of income inequality on economic growth is carried out. In the second part of the paper, the models for assessment of the impact of income inequality on economic growth is designed, the methods for assessment of the impact of income inequality on economic growth are substantiated and the variables used in the empirical research are discussed. In the third part of the paper, it was found out that an increasing income inequality makes an ambiguous impact on economic growth through environmental channels. An ambiguous impact of income inequality on economic growth also depends on the country’s income inequality level and the country’s development level. As estimated in the EU countries, income inequality stimulated economic growth in the groups of the countries attributed with a higher level of income inequality and a different level of country’s development. In the groups of the countries attributed with a lower level of income inequality and a different level of country’s development, income inequality slowed down economic growth. [From the publication]