Mitologiniai herojai Lietuvos baleto scenoje

LTStraipsnyje apžvelgiama mitologinė tematika Lietuvos šokio kultūroje, pristatomi spektakliai, turintys šokio elementų, sukurti Vilniaus Žemutinėje pilyje XVII a., Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės dvarų teatruose XVIII a., taip pat baleto spektakliai, kurie buvo statomi nuo 1925 m. Valstybės teatre Kaune. Nesiekiant vertinti šokio spektaklių meninės kokybės, išskiriami juose veikiantys herojai ir siužetai, susiję su klasikine mitologija, taip pat temos, kylančios iš lietuviškų sakmių ir legendų. Atskirai aptariami mitologiniai motyvai, aptinkami Lietuvos šiuolaikinio šokio kultūroje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Mitologija; Sakmės; Legendos; Baletas; Šiuolaikiniai šokiai; Mythology; Tales; Legends; Ballet; Contemporary dances.

ENThis article offers a review of mythological themes in Lithuanian dance culture, presenting performances which contain elements of dance that were created in the 17th century at the Vilnius Lower Castle and in manor theatres in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 18th century, as well as ballet productions that were staged from 1925 at the State Theatre in Kaunas. While not seeking to assess the artistic quality of these dance performances, the heroes and narratives have been distinguished that are associated with classical mythology, as well as the themes arising from Lithuanian tales and legends. Mythological motifs that are encountered in Lithuanian contemporary dance culture are discussed separately. The appearance of mythological characters and their related stories on the stage in the 17th-18th centuries was determined by the iconographic priorities of this period. The most common characters in dance performances were deities associated with love, Venus and Cupid (Andrė Campra’s "L’Europe galante and Friedrich Baums Philosophy of Women"), who existed alongside mortals; the theme of the goddess Diana was encountered several times in the 20th century - supplemented with other characters (Lėo Delibe's "Sylvia") or conveying the classical myth about her encounter with Acteon (Francis Poulencs "Aubade"); mythological characters that had long been associated with ritual culture participated in many of these performances as side characters - satyrs, fauns, bachanettes, nymphs (Claude Debussy’s "Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun"). Attention also turned to tragic stories from Antiquity for a period in the last decade of the 20th century ("Fedra" based on the music of Iraklijus Gabelis, and "Medea" with the music of Antanas Rekašius).Perkūnas (Thunder) (Juozas Gruodys’ "Jūratė ir Kastytis", Vladas Jakubėnas’ "Vaivos juosta") and the Ragana (Witch) (Eduardas Balsys’ "Eglė žalčių karalienė") are the most frequently portrayed characters out of the Lithuanian mythical deities in dance performances. In contemporary dance, mythological characters and themes are usually a way of speaking about eternal questions that pose themselves even today (Antanas Jasenka’s "Medėja", Igor Stravinsky’s "Apollo"), which are associated with mythology through the search for archetypical meanings. [From the publication]