Simano Šultės socialinės pažiūros

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Simanas Šultė; Katalikai; Sociologai; Socialinis gyvenimas; Simanas Šultė; Catholics; Sociologists; Social life.

ENIn the article the social views of Siman Schulte (1876-1920), one of the most eminent Lithuanian Catholic sociologists of the beginning of the XX century are described. S.Schulte is shown to have followed the evolutional view - the development of the society. On the ground of ideas of G. V. Hegel and partially K. Marx he recognized that the capitalist regime is not perfect and it will inevitably collapse. The antithesis of capitalism will be socialism, but it also must not be considered as "the synthesis of everything". According to S. Schulte, it will be only the thesis for the further progress to be replaced inevitably by an antithesis. Thus socialism which is ardently propagated by Bolsheviks, will not be come the final form of the transformation of the society either, but merely a stage of evolution of the humanity. Therefore is it necessary to encourage the use of any measures, including compulsion, violence which are born namely by revolution, "releasing the most vile and dark instincts of humans"? Therefore, it must be rejected and the consolidation of the ideals of socialism postponed to the distant future. Social progress is impossible before human nature, is changed and honesty is developped. S. Schulte, as well as his teacher A. M. Weiss (1844-1925), a German theologian and sociologist, was, in fact, a supporter of the middle way - combination of freedom and order having a clearly by critical standpoint of economic liberalism, as well as a zealous defender of democracy principles. First, considering property to be a guarantee of self-expression and freedom of a person, he simultaneously proposed to consider it not as a privilege but as a duty to the society. The disposal of property may be justified only by social efficiency and ethics of its use. Thus property is not the welfare of an individual or a group of individuals but the welfare of the society.Second, S.Schulte followed the democratic view and was against authoritarism. Not individuals must serve the state but the state must take care of the person, respect and protect his/her rights, given by God. The right to property is among them. This right, in his opinion, may be ensured best by a parlamentary republic. [From the publication]