Laiko naudojimo tyrimai Lietuvoje

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Laikas; Laiko biudžetas; Naudojimas; Tyrimai; Darbuotojai; Miestai; Kaimai; Time; Time budget; Use; Researches; Employees; Cities; Villages.

ENThe study of time use is the method of studying people’s way of life. This method gives an opportunity to reveal the trends of work and leisure time use changes in different social groups. The article reviews the main studies of the time budget, which were carried out in Lithuania during the period from 1969 to 1988 by the scientists of Vilnius, Kaunas and Šiauliai higher schools and scientific institutions: prof, habil, dr. A. Mitrikas, prof, habil, dr. J. Leonavičius, dr. A. Kličius, dr. E. Staneika, dr. J. Jusys, J. Bundzinskienė, S. Bendikienė etc. The studies include time use by the rural population and the citizens of small and large towns. Scientists tried to investigate the pecularities, the changes and the conditions of work and leisure time use in all social groups of Lithuanian population. The comparison of time use data showed that people from every social group had much in common. People face the same necessities of life - work, satisfaction of everday necessities, study and entertainment everywhere. There are, however, certain noteworthy differences in the distribution of time use: 1. The duration of paid work in town and country turned out to become insignificantly longer. But there were clear differences in duration of paid work in various social groups; 2. The duration of work in home farm changed too: the time that men spent on this work increased more in comparison with women. But in summer this tendency was opposite; 3. The duration of domestic work has been changed the most. It was seen the decreased differences in the amount and structure of domestic work done by men and women and by people of various social groups. But women do a greater amount of domestic work than men.4. Changes in the extent of free time are primarily brought about by socio-demographic circumstances: sex, age, level of education, family status, number and age of children, etc. Men have more leisure time than women in Lithuania. But the main feature of the time budget change was a decrease in the extent of women’s labour and an increase in their free time. There were no great differences in to how people used their free time. They spent much time watching TV, listening radio, reading and socializing. 80 % of their free time people spent at home. The free time activities have become more home-centered, primarily due to the increase of time that was spent watching TV. Less time was spent on outdoor recreations (visiting museums, exhibitions, concerts, performances, amateur artistic work, playing music and, especially, physical culture and sport, tourism, hiking, excursions etc.). At the same time it was noticed that pithy free time depends not only on length of leisure time and money, but mainly on the interests and requirements of people themselves. The analysis carried out in this study presents an overall picture of how residents of Lithuania actually divide their time between different activities. This picture is undoubtedly in need of further elaboration. A more thorouth analysis of common and special features in the way of life of the population of Lithuania have included. An examination of the values associated with different areas of essential activites (work, domestic work, free time), attitudes towards these activities and how they are satisfied, and under what conditions. All these are issues for further study. [From the publication]