Vilniaus miesto kalba: stebimojo laiko hipotezė

LTSvarbiausio Lietuvos didmiesčio - Vilniaus - kalba straipsnyje vertinama funkciniu požiūriu: ar šiandien sostines kalba laikytina lietuviu kalbos standarto realizacija? Aiškinamasi, ar Vilniaus gyventojai turi būdingą tarsena, ar egzistuoja vilnietiškas akcentas. Į Vilniaus kalbą pažvelgta kaip į nuolat kintančią, todėl pritaikyta sociolingvistinės stebimojo taiko hipotezės (apparent-time hypothesis) teorija: su skirtingomis amžiaus grupėmis susietas kalbos įvairavimas rodo dabar vykstantį kalbos kitimą, Prognozė priklauso nuo to, kaip pasiseka nustatyti, kokio pobūdžio yra lingvistiniai kintamieji - ar tai indikatoriai, ar žymikliai, ar stereotipai. 1977 m. ir 2010 m., praėjus daugiau nei trims dešimtims metu, buvo atliktas ir pakartotas sociolingvistinis eksperimentas: tirti trys lingvistiniai kintamieji - nekirčiuotų ilgųjų balsių žodžio viduryje, trumpųjų kirčiuotų balsių žodžio viduryje ir kirčiuotų trumpųjų balsių žodžio viduryje. Reikšmingesnių pakitimų pastebėta tik pastarojo lingvistinio kintamojo trajektorijoje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Vilnius; Miesto kalba; Stebimojo laiko hipotezė; Sociolingvistika; Sociolingvistinis kintamasis; Standartinė kalba; Vilnius; Urban dialect; Apparent - time hypothesis; Sociolinguistic variable; Standart dialect.

ENRecently, sociolinguistics has raised, a long-standing question once again: can linguistic change bе observed while it is actually occurring? In modern linguistics the answer to that question has usually been negative. It was always possible for linguists to observe variation in language, but that variation was of little importance for them. Such variation should be ascribed either to dialect mixture, that is, to a situation in which two or more systems have a degree of overlap, or to free variation linguists, therefore, attached little or no theoretical importance to variation. 'Linguistic marketplace' forces may be at work here: what do individuals want and what will they accept or reject linguistically to satisfy these wants? Linguistic utterances or expressions are always produced in particular contexts or markets, and the properties of these markets endow linguistic products with 'value', That's why on a given linguistic market some products are valued more highly than others: because the practical competence of speakers is to know how to produce expressions which are highly valued on these markets. In sociolinguistics, the apparent-time hypothesis states that age-stratified variation in a linguistic form is often indicative of a change in progress. That is, if in a survey differences between speech of individuals of different age were stated, they may indicate changes that have occurred recently. The apparent-time hypothesis depends on several assumptions: first, that a significantly broad sample is taken to be representative of the population; second, that vernacular speech is relatively stable in a given individual once that individual is past adolescence. The first sociolinguistic investigation of Vilnius urban dialect was held before 40 years. There were measured 7 sociolinguistic variables. Recently they were verified again, and the apparent-time hypothesis was checked. [From the publication]