Dainų balsai

• Čiurlionytė, Jadvyga, parengė [edt]
• Burkšaitienė, Laima, parengė [edt]
• Daniliauskienė, Vida, parengė [edt]

LTChristianas Bartschas (vadintas ir Kristijonu Barčiu) lietuvių tautosakos mokslo istorijoje nėra taip gerai žinomas, kaip L. Rėza, S. Stanevičius, S. Daukantas, A. ir J. Juškos bei daugelis kitų garsių dainų rinkėjų. Nežinomas lietuvių skaitytojui ir jo rinkinys "Dainų balsai", išleistas Vokietijoje, Heidelberge, 1886-1889 m., kurį tautosakos tyrinėtojai (J. Čiurlionytė, J. Balys, D. Sauka ir kt.) laikė ne tik stambiausiu Mažojoje Lietuvoje, bet ir reikšmingiausiu melodijų rinkiniu lietuvių muzikos istorijoje. Ch. Bartscho paskelbtos dainos, kurių didžioji dalis - tuo metu Mažojoje Lietuvoje nykstančių liaudies dainavimo tradicijų palikimas - buvo skirtos ne lietuvių skaitytojui. Į vokiečių kalbą išversti dainų tekstai išpopuliarino lietuvišką dainą gretimose šalyse, o Lietuvoje šis rinkinys turėjo tik istorinę reikšmę. Tiesa, melodijų savitumo ir grožio negalėjo nepastebėti muzikai, ne vienas jų atgaivino šias melodijas savo kūryboje. V. Kudirka, Vydūnas, J. Bendorius, M. K. Čiurlionis, V. Jakubėnas, K. Janzas, A. Polinskis, A. Vaičiūnas, J. Žilevičius ir kiti harmonizavo bei išplėtojo meniškiausias rinkinio dainas mėgėjų ir profesionaliems chorams. Tačiau Ch. Bartscho dainų rinkiniu nebuvo plačiau naudotasi, Lietuvoje jis buvo retas ir mažai kam žinomas, o šiuo metu vos keliolika "Dainų balsų" originalo aptnipėjusių egzempliorių guli tik didžiųjų bibliotekų senųjų spaudinių saugyklose. Ch. Bartschas, išvertęs lietuviškas dainas į vokiečių kalbą, nepateikė jų originalų, kaip tai buvo padarę L. Rėza ir G. H. F. Nesselmannas. [...]. [Iš Pratarmės]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Bartschas Christianas; Liaudies dainos; Mažoji Lietuva; Bartsch Christian; Folk Songs; Lithuania Minor.

ENThe collection of Lithuanian folk songs "Dainų balsai" was published in two volumes in 1886-1889, Heidelberg. It was compiled by Christian Bartsch (1832-1890), a teacher and a member of the Association of Lithuanian Literature in Tilsit (now called Sovietsk, Kaliningrad region). Collecting and publishing folk songs was one of the areas of his wide cultural activities. The collection "Dainų balsai" contains 453 songs. They were almost exclusively collected in the 19th century and accompanied by their melodies taken by Ch. Bartsch from publications available at that time (L. Rėza, S. Stanevičius, Gi H. F. Nesselmann, O. Kolberg, and К. Brzozowski’s collections), appendices of scientific works (by A. Bezzenberger, A. Schleicher, and F. Kurschat), periodicals the "Neue Preussische Provintial Blatter", "Aušra", "Varpas" and others and from manuscripts of different collectors (E. Budrius, R. von Bohlen, and E. Gisevius's). The collection "Dainų balsai"’ is the last collection published in the 19th century and is of particular importance to Lithuanian folklore studies as a great number of songs were collected in Lithuania Minor. Lithuanian culture and folklore were destroyed in this region as a result of germanization that lasted for seven centuries and russification at the second half of the 20th century. Thus, the collection in question is undisputably relevant cultural heritage reflecting a particular musical style of folk songs in East Prussia that is distinctly different from other ethnographic regions of Lithuania. In postwar years the collections of Lithuanian folk songs first published in the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century had new editions. However, Ch. Bartsch's collection was not repeatedly published. This was due to the fact that the collection was written in German.The texts of the songs were translated into German, and only the words of the first stanzas presented below the melody were recorded in Lithuanian. In the preface of the collection Ch. Bartsch mentioned a Lithuanian edition that he must have been working on, however, all that was interrupted by his death in 1890. For many years the German edition was forgotten, only composers harmonizing melodies for choirs were interested in it. It was much later that Jadvyga Čiurlionytė (1899-1992), a researcher of Lithuanian folk songs, got interested in the collection as an object of science and for many years was working on its new edition. This work was long and difficult due to the search for Lithuanian originals of songs (unfortunately, the manuscripts of the previously mentioned song collectors, Ch. Bartsch's including, that were kept in the Archives of the Association of Lithuanian Literature in Tilsit did not survive during the war). The songs presented in this edition have been taken from the sources that Ch. Bartsch had referred to. The texts that have not been found were reconstructed according to other variants of poetic types of songs classified in the Catalogue of Lithuanian Folk Songs. In cases when no corresponding variants have been found their content was translated into Lithuanian according to their literal meaning. The melodies are presented applying modem transcription with Ch. Bartsch's marks of interpretation. Ch. Bartsch's introductory article and notes have been translated into Lithuanian. The collection is supplemented with J. Čiurlionytė's article about Ch. Bartsch and his collection in question. [From the publication]

• Muzikologija / Musicology
• Menotyra / Arts