Nacionalinis tapatumas, kultūrinė atmintis ir politika

LTMonografijoje gvildenamas lietuvių nacionalinio tapatumo susiklostymas bei kaita siekiant valstybingumo, kuriantis moderniai valstybei, išgyvenant sovietinę okupaciją ir iš jos išsilaisvinus. Dabartinės kaitos pobūdį lėmė vidiniai laisvinimosi ir nepriklausomos valstybės kūrimo, taip pat išoriniai globalizacijos ir ypač eurointegracijos veiksniai, kurių svarbiausias - ES įgyvendinamas sumanymas kurti naują europinę liaudį. Aptariamas nacionalinio tapatumo turinys, svarstomi lietuviškojo nacionalizmo bruožai, išskirtine laikant prezidento Antano Smetonos veiklą lietuvybei tvirtinti. Išskleidžiamas kultūros, kaip sugyvenimo su vietove, kaimynais ir savimi būdų viseto, supratimas, paryškinant pirminį kultūrinės atminties veikimo tikslingumą - gimtąja kalba stiprinti įsivietinusį bendruomenės tapatumą. Aptariama tremtinių atsiminimų banga, telkusi Lietuvos žmones vaduotis iš okupacijos, analizuojami sovietinės nomenklatūros prisiminimai. Nacionalinio tapatumo būsena skleidžiama gvildenant esminius strategijos "Lietuva2030" bruožus bei jo kūrėjų ideologines nuostatas. Lyginant šį dokumentą su Estijos ir Latvijos strategijomis, ryškėja lietuvybės turinio ir veiksmingos nacionalinės tapatumo bei kultūros politikos stoka, suvoktina kaip lemtingas iššūkis. Nacionalinio tapatumo ir kultūrinės atminties sąsajų problemos, ES įsitvirtinusios "besąlygiško svetingumo Kitam" ideologijos ypatumai svarstomi pasitelkiant žymiausių Vakarų filosofų, sociologų ir politologų įžvalgas. [Anotacija knygoje]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Tapatumas; Kultūrinė atmintis; Kolektyvinė atmintis; Politika; Kultūra; Lietuvybė; Identity; Cultural memory; Collective memory; Politics; Culture; Lithuanianess.

ENIn this book, the author discusses problems of ethnocultural and national identity, cultural memory and their relations to various other identities. Also discussed are themes of cultural politics in the European integration environment and inconsistencies within this environment. The themes were researched by analysing the specifics of capitalism, rapidly entrenching in Lithuania. It was attempted to comprehend the form of capitalism, which appeared in Lithuania after the end of Soviet occupation, and with the comprehended matters "assess" the deciphered theoretical and ideological working principles of the capitalist system and the features of the capitalist lifeworld. Significant attention was given to explaining how a transition is made from an overideological Soviet environment to, from the first sight, pragmatic and seemingly non-ideologized world of freedom, which, looking deeper into it and gaining experience in this new world, is revealed to be based on clear ideological cliches of the so-called "free market". Various theoretical images both complemented and negated each other, thus the move towards a more general understanding was achieved by going in various roundabouts, utilising the thoughts and insights from authors who were able to see the fundamental particularities of systemic development. The latter had already been tested by the process of lived history. Research on capitalist system was collected in the book Postmodern capitalism. Capitalism in Lithuania was entrenched while seeking memberships in NATO and EU. The analysis of general systemic matters helped to understand certain factors of globalization and their interaction with European integration processes, as well as the ideological convictions, upon which these processes are based.Lithuania experienced sudden, unexpected and unforeseen changes, which were even more accelerated during the process of joining the EU. Nobody could imagine that the society will become stratified at such a fast pace and a social exclusion, impossible to cover by any ideological concepts of freedom and free market, will emerge. Likewise, widespread poverty and unemployment have become a structural feature of the new socio-economical system and society, non-erasable through any kinds of reforms and promises made by politicians. After gaining liberation from Soviet occupation, questions of national identity, statehood, sovereignty, national interests were of high importance. These questions were associated with the attempts to imagine the path of our statehood, to strengthen our national identity and national culture, what kind of self-image will become entrenched in politics and arts. These questions made it unavoidable to research the political environment of EU: what political convictions dominate the minds of architects of European integration and what political guidelines are instilled as desirable trends for state and societal change. The EU itself has been on a long road of unification, in which we can distinguish important shifts in political convictions, but the fundamental matters, connected to the statehood of the member states, attitude towards the future of nations and cohabitation in new European environment, as well as the evaluation of recent tragic history of the twentieth century, remain the same. The EU politics, already since the very beginning were based on the struggle to create a new Europe, in which the atrocities of World Wars and human eradication would never appear again, so it was sought to "decontaminate" various manifestations of nationalism, firstly by economical, and a bit later, by increasingly important trends of political and cultural integration.To achieve this purpose, the ideas of nation-state sovereignty, national sovereignty and their meanings were unpacked. The decline of state power was also understood as a natural outcome of globalization, in hopes that this process will in itself help the European social engineering politics of integration, but at the moment we are witnessing the return of national questions and phenomena, as well as manifestations of major state nationalism within the political horizons. These phenomena and manifestations start to define not only the home politics of various countries, but also international relations. The questions of national interests, as well as those of state sovereignty have become more relevant since the results of 2016 Great Britain referendum, deciding the future of Europe - Brexit. The decision - to leave the EU. Another important phenomenon - growing processes of national consolidations and nation formation, which are signified by nationalist sentiments, manifestations of fight for national independence. Growth of national consciousness, nation consolidations, strengthening sense of nationalist sentiments is clear in Ukraine, Belarus and several other post-Soviet countries. In them, these processes can be defined as a period of fast-paced multifaceted formation of various nations in which the importance of national identity and national culture, as well as the importance of cultural memory in building the European nationhood and entrenching it in the global arena of political international relations, is clearly understood. Concerns about state formation and the separation of partially independent regions are getting increasingly topical in Great Britain, Spain and various other countries. In Poland and several other countries, there are increasing manifestations of nationalism, which are brought on by factors of globalization, diminishing the sense of statehood and national identity. [...]. [From the publication]