Vidurinės kartos inteligentų ir jaunimo kirčiavimo polinkiai

LTStraipsnyje, remiantis kompleksiniais šnekamosios lietuvių kalbos tyrimais, ryškinami svarbiausi polinkiai, būdingi vidurinės kartos inteligentų kirčiavimui, siekiama nustatyti, ar yra skirtumų tarp vidurinės kartos (25-55 m.) informantų ir jaunimo (18-20 m. studentų) kirčiavimo. Specialiomis anketomis tikrintų daugiau negu 2000 žodžių ir formų kirčiavimo rezultatų analizė parodė, kad abiejų kartų pagrindinių regionų informantai (jų apklausta daugiau nei 900) kirčiuoja labai panašiai, o nežymūs skirtumai daugiausia susiję su siauros apimties posistemiais. Anketinės ãpklausos iš esmės patvirtino šio straipsnio autoriaus prieš keletą metų susistemintus naujausius kirčiavimo polinkius, nepažeidžiančius lietuvių kalbos kirčiavimo sistemos. Į daugelį jų akcentologai yra atkreipę dėmesį anksčiau, tačiau pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais polinkiams suintensyvėjus bendrinės kalbos kodifikuotojai dalį jų pradėjo toleruoti. Be to, straipsnyje iškelta ir daugiau kirčiavimo polinkių, būdingų paprastųjų žodžių (tiek savų, tiek svetimų) ir darinių bei žodžių formų kirčiavimui. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Akcentuacija; Jaunimo kalba; Kirčiavimas; Kirčiavimo norma; Kirčiavimo polinkiai; Kirčiavimo tendencijos; Kodifikuota norma; Reali vartosena; Vidurinės kartos kalba; Accentuation; Accentuation tendencies; Codified norm; Language of middle-age generation; Language of youth; Real usage.

ENThe data used in this article have been obtained from the projects "Accentuation of Middle Generation of Educated Lithuanians: Tendencies and their Relation to Standard Language Norms" (2014-2016) and "Characteristic Features of the Accentuation of Youth: Standard Language Norms and Spoken Language Accentuation Tendencies" (2011-2013) financed by the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language (www.vlkk.lt). 2. Informants of the said projects have been taken from all main regions of Lithuania, i.e. Vilnius, Šiauliai, Klaipėda and Kaunas. Questionnaires contained 200-400 words and word forms given in short sentences (~2000 in total), n = 120-122, 240-242 or 360-362 answers for each word or word form. 3. Accentuation tendencies of middle and young generation of educated Lithuanians are very similar. Differences seem to be insignificant and mostly related to particular sub-systems. 4. The results of the projects generally confirm the following tendencies in the accentuation of spoken Lithuanian which were earlier systematized by the author of this article (Stundžia 2013a, b): 4.1. Replacement of traditional accent paradigms 3⁴a and 3⁴b with the new ones 3b and 3a; 4.2. Strengthening of the dominant role of affixes; 4.3. Spreading of the shift of stress from the base stem to the adjacent syllable in a group of both nominal and verbal suffixed derivatives; 4.4. Extension of prefix retraction rule to the ia- conjugation verbs with a long circumflex root without apophony; 4.5. Shifting of tone from acute to circumflex in the roots of a group of disyllabic ia- conjugation verbs and, conversely, from circumflex to acute in a group of disyllabic a- and o- conjugation verbs, which demonstrates an ongoing connection between circumflex and soft consonants, on the one hand, and between acute and hard consonants, on the other.5. A group of indigenous disyllabic nouns belonging to the productive (i)a- and (i)o- declinations tends towards end stress while a group of such nouns belonging to ė- and i- declinations tends towards root stress. The tendency towards end stress is characteristic of a group of disyllabic (i)a- and (i)o-declination loanwords as well, which shows their ongoing integration in the accentuation sub-system of disyllabic nouns. 6. As regards prefixed and compound nouns and adjectives, the following accentuation tendencies are to be mentioned: 6.1. Variation between mobile and fixed prefix stress among a group of prefixed nouns; 6.2. In cases when a prefix and a suffix compete for stress, as a rule, the suffix wins in the nominal derivation while the prefix in the adjectival one; 6.3. Compound adjectives with the first numeral component tend towards fixed stress of the said component. 7. The suffixed -inys, -ulys and -muo derivatives as well as the first component of compounds undergo circum- flex metatony while the prefixed be- derivatives and the second component of compounds do not undergo it in cases when the base word of a derivative or the second component of a compound represent a disyllabic noun manifesting the 1st accent paradigm. 8. As regards the forms of words, the following accentuation tendencies can be mentioned: 8.1. Polysyllabic passive present tense participles, including adjectivized ones, with a mobile accent paradigm tend towards fixed stress; 8.2. Pronominal forms derived from polysyllabic simple forms tend to be stressed as follows: a) with a dominant mobile accent paradigm (passive present tense and active masculine participles of all tenses); b) as a rule, with a fixed accent paradigm (passive past tense, necessity and active feminine participles of all tenses); c) with both mobile and fixed accent paradigms (adjectives, numerals, pronouns). [From the publication]