Nuo šiuolaikinio miesto iki sostinės: urbanistinio Vilniaus įvaizdžio kaita 1936-1939 m. ir 1939-1940 m.

LTStraipsnyje identifikuojamos Vilniaus ateities vizijos bei susiję simboliniai ir fiziniai miesto pavidalai tarpukariu: paskutiniaisiais Lenkijos aneksijos metais (1936-1939) ir Lietuvos Respublikos laikotarpiu nuo Lietuvos sostinės atgavimo iki sovietinės okupacijos (1939-1940). Tiriamieji šaltiniai - oficialieji miesto planavimo dokumentai ir viešasis Vilniaus miesto raidos diskursas. Autorė teigia, kad aptariamas laikotarpis yra miesto virsmas sostine, ir išskiria pagrindines vizijas - Vilniaus kaip šiuolaikinio europinio miesto ir Vilniaus kaip kraštovaizdžio lenkmečiu, Vilniaus kaip absoliutaus simbolio ir Vilniaus kaip sostinės Lietuvai atgavus Vilnių. Lyginamosios analizės pagrindu daroma išvada, jog miesto raidos tęstinumas, planavimo panašumai būdingi utilitarioms funkcinėms sritims, o priešybės vyrauja Vilniaus reprezentavimo srityje, ir kad šiuos skirtumus sąlygojo ne vien politiniai ideologiniai, bet ir valstybių teisynų skirtumai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Kraštovaizdis; Miesto fizinis pavidalas; Miesto planavimas; Miesto simbolinis pavidalas; Miesto vizija; Sostinės įvaizdis; Tarpukario laikotarpis; Tarpukaris; Teisinis reglamentavimas; Urbanizmas; Vilniaus planas; Vilniaus planavimas; City planning; City vision; Image of the capital; Interwar period; Landscape; Legal regulation; Plan of Vilnius; The interwar period; The physical form of the city; The symbolic form of the city; Urban planning; Urbanism; Vilnius city planning.

ENThe aim of the paper is to identify the visions of the future of Vilnius that existed in the urban planning discourse of the interwar period, and symbolical and physical shapes of the city that had to embody these visions. The analysis rests on the documents of planning of the city of Vilnius prepared and legitimized during two diachronically close yet politically distant periods, and on public debate on the trends of the city planning related to these official documents. For this reason the analysis focuses, first, on the last years of the Polish annexation (1936-1939) because it was then that "The Plan of Greater Vilnius" was prepared and legitimized, and, second, on the whole period of the Republic of Lithuania from the recovery of its capital Vilnius until the Soviet occupation (1939-1940), when the preparation and legitimization of new city planning documents, such as the "Mandatory Law on the Management of Construction in the City of Vilnius", were initiated. The author distinguishes the main visions: that of contemporary European city and landscape during the Polish period, and the absolute symbol and the capital of Lithuania upon recovery of Vilnius. The paper presents a comparative analysis of symbolical and physical shapes of the city that were to be revealed or created on the basis of these city planning documents, of the similarities and differences, and the continuity and contradictions of the visions of city development.The author arrives at the conclusions that the key moment in and the main difference between the urban visions of Vilnius prepared during these periods is the city’s becoming a capital. Therefore, the continuity in the city development is evident in utilitarian-functional fields of the formation of Vilnius, for example, demarcating the residential and industrial areas and forming the city’s infrastructure. Contradictions prevail in the matter of the representation of Vilnius, because as a centre of a country’s outskirts (Vilnius during the period of the annexation) and as a country’s capital (Vilnius in the Republic of Lithuania) it demanded different ideological and utilitarian symbols. Accordingly, some major differences (varying degrees of protection of the Old Town of Vilnius and of the landscape) were determined; not only political-ideological differences, but also those in the legal codes of Poland and Lithuania. [From the publication]