The Holocaust in Lithuania: the key characteristics of its history, and the key issues in historiography and cultural memory

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Antisemitizmas; Antrasis pasaulinis karas, 1939-1945 (World War II); Atmintis; Holokaustas; Holokaustas Lietuvoje; Holokausto atmintis; Holokausto istoriografija; Istorinė atmintis; Istoriografija; Nacistinė okupacija; Sovietinė okupacija; Anti-Semitism; Historical memory; Historiography; Holocaust; Holocaust in Lithuania; Holocaust memory; Lithuania; Memory; Nazi occupation; Second World War; Soviet occupation; The Holocaust historiography; WWII.

ENThe Holocaust is the darkest page of Lithuanian history: Nearly the whole Jewish community in Lithuania was destroyed, while a part of ethnic Lithuanians participated in this destruction. This article discusses three layers and periods of the Holocaust in Lithuania that have made a considerable impact on the perception of this traumatic period in Lithuanian society. The first period deals with the Lithuanian–Jewish relations during the German occupation in Lithuania (1941–1944). The second one is related to the Soviet reoccupation of Lithuania and discussions among Lithuanian émigrés in the West (1944–1990), which shaped the history of the Holocaust in Lithuania from the ideological (Soviet) and defensive (Lithuanian émigré) perspectives. The final part of this article discusses the historiography and Holocaust memory in independent Lithuania after the 1990s. Almost thirty years of independence mark not only the re-creation of some old myths and stereotypes in Lithuania, but also new groundbreaking and open discussions in society, concerning the perception of this dark page of Lithuanian history. [From the publication]