Значимость способов модификации глагольных основ для оценки ареальной дифференциации балтийских языков (по сравнению с рядом славянских микроязыков)

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Arealinė diferenciacija; Baltų kalbos; Kamienas; Slavų kalbos; Tarmės; Veiksmažodis; Veiksmažodžių modifikacijos; Adverbal modifications; Areal differentiation; Baltic languages; Baltic lanquage; Dialects; Slavic languages; Slavonic lanquage; Stem; Verb.

ENThe article deals with subtypes of adverbal modification, generally known from work on “event conflation” (L. Talmy), together with their respective type frequency. On the basis of B. Wälchli’s (2001a) work on displacement patterns, the article pursues a more fine-grained classification of verbal “satellites” as it inquires into the equilibrium between verbal particles and prefixes, their functional load, the meaning shifts caused by their interaction with verb stems as well as restrictions with regard to the inventory of verb stems. This survey is provided for both the Latvian and Lithuanian standard languages and for the Latvian–Lithuanian dialect continuum. It can be shown that, from a synchronic perspective, within the Baltic dialect continuum the application of prefixes increases from north to south, whereas with verbal particles the areal cline shows an exactly opposite direction. Thus both techniques of event conflation seem to tend towards delimiting each other: although in some varieties both kinds of adverbal modifiers can be encountered quite prolificly, a more global areal picture suggests that verb particles and prefixes tend toward complementary distribution. For comparative purposes, the same two types of adverbal modifiers are surveyed over a couple of Slavic minority languages spoken in Germany and Austria. Here we also observe an increase of verbal particles, this time due to German influence. Particular attention is paid not only to the proportion of “bounders” of actionality, especially in the domain of movement proper, but also to the proportion between calqued and borrowed morphemes and their distribution over bounders vs. non-bounders. In connection with this, the extent to which the more frequent application of bounders has led to the development of an aspect opposition in the investigated Baltic varieties is discussed.Prefixes and verbal particles belong to different diachronic layers; verb particles, which represent a younger layer, dominate in sub-areas with heavy Finnic or German contact. In a sense, the entire Baltic speaking territory finds itself situated in the middle of an areal south(west)–north(east) cline, which can even be continued over West Slavic into German-speaking territory; as a result, the edges of this cline (Finnic and Latvian on the one end, Germanic on the other) show a particular propensity toward verbal particles, while the varieties in-between (Slavic and Lithuanian) are more reluctant in this respect. [From the publication]