"Sola fides sufficit": poleminiai elementai Chaleckio Dvinaryje (Binarius Chalecianus, 1642)

LTStraipsnio objektas – lotyniškosios LDK Baroko raštijos veikalas, didiko Mikalojaus Kristupo Chaleckio embleminių meditacijų knyga Binarius Chalecianus, skirta Švč. Mergelės Marijos garbei ir išleista 1642 m. Vilniuje. Straipsnyje aptariama šio kūrinio vieta mariologinės potridentinės raštijos diskurse, meditatyvinis–devocinis pobūdis, stilistikos elementai. Daugiausia analizuojamas poleminis aspektas, kuris šiame išskirtiniame veikale reiškiamas gana originaliai: tekste paslepiamos nuorodos į pagrindines doktrinas, dėl kurių nesutaria katalikai ir evangelikai (pvz., predestinacijos, nuteisinimo vien tikėjimu), sola fides argumentas pasitelkiamas ir transubstanciacijos, Įsikūnijimo ir Marijos vaidmens jame bei žmogiškojo pažinimo ribų klausimais. Atsiliepiant tiek į Reformacijos pradininkų nuostatą santykį su Marija grįsti Šventuoju Raštu, tiek į Tridento Susirinkimo nuorodas, kūrinyje itin daug dėmesio skiriama bibliniams šaltiniams. Straipsnyje analizuojamas atvejis atskleidžia ne atvirą, o pridengtą religinę polemiką. Iš daugelio XVII a. mariologinių veikalų Dvinaris išsiskiria kaip originalus, nors ir amžiaus madas atitinkantis, suasmenintos pamaldumo Dievo Motinai raiškos, neagresyvios, ganėtinai sofistikuotos tarpkonfesinės polemikos atvejis. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Mariologija; Devocinė literatūra; Barokas; Neolotyniškoji literatūra - XVII amžius; Mikalojus Kristupas Chaleckis; Mikołaj Krzystof Chalecki; Chaleckio Dvinaris; Binarius Chalecianus; Mariology; Devotional literature; Baroque; Neo-Latin literature – 17th century; Mikalojus Kristupas Chaleckis; Mikołaj Krzystof Chalecki; Binarius Chalecianus.

ENThe object of the article is a work of Latin Baroque literature of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the book of emblematic meditations Binarius Chalecianus, sive duo manipuli liliorum... (Vilnae: In officina typographica patrum Basilianorum ad Edem SS. Trinitatis, 1642) written by the noble Mikalojus Kristupas Chaleckis (Mikołaj Krzystof Chalecki) in honour of the Holy Virgin Mary. In this article, emphasis is placed on the polemic aspect that is conveyed in a rather original manner in this exceptional work. The analysis of the case discussed reveals a crypto-polemic elements in the texts of Binarius Chalecianus and shows the unique forms of such a polemic as being specific to the multi-confessional cultural environment of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Chalecki’s method of polemic uses more subtle forms than the means of direct offensive: he diverts the main phrases summarizing theological doctrines of Reformation to the advantage of his arguments. It seems that in such a way he tries to bring back the theses of the Reformers to the primary context and to show they had existed in the tradition of the Church before the Reformation.For instance, the text hides references to the key doctrines that cause disagreement between the Catholics and the Evangelicals (predestination, justification), and the sola fide (‘faith alone’) argument is used by Chalecki’s to support the doctrines of transubstantiation and Incarnation. The significance of the role of Virgin Mary in Incarnation is confirmed by binary cryptoquotes, both from Thomas Aquinas and from Akatist Hymn of an ancient orthodox tradition that inseparably links Christology and Mariology. Using Latin and Greek sources, the author of the work speaks as though from the position of the Church Union placing emphasis on the unity of Eastern and Western traditions in the worship of Virgin Mary and in other issues in the polemic with the Reformers. Responding to the standpoint of the fathers of the Reformation to base their perspectives toward Mary on the Scripture alone, considerable attention is paid to biblical sources. Such position of the author of Binarius also responds the instructions of the Council of Trent. Although it reflects the trends of its age, Binarius stands out among numerous sixteenth-century mariological works as an original case of expression of personalised devotion to the Mother of God and of a quite sophisticated interconfessional polemic. In this case the polemic aspect is expressed not in directly invective but in much more refined forms. [From the publication]