Mūšių vietos kaip kultūros paveldo objektai Lietuvoje

LTMūšių vietos kaip paveldo objektai pradėti saugoti tik tarybiniu laikotarpiu. Įtvirtinant jų apsaugą daug padarė vienas žmogus - istorikas Romas Batūra. Buvo stengtasi saugoti įvairių epochų mūšių vietas, nors jų pati apsauga buvo ir yra problematiška visų pirma dėl neapibrėžtos pačio mūšio sąvokos ir dėl ideologinio poveikio kultūros paveldui. Straipsnyje pateikiami siūlymai, kaip įpaveldinti mūšių vietas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Mūšių vietos; Kultūros paveldas; Paveldo apsauga; Battle places; Cultural heritage; Heritage protection.

ENBattle places constitute one of the most uncertain objects of cultural heritage and this is related to the particularity of the battle. Historically a battle is a very fast-moving event, usually leaving, on purpose or because of ignorance, strained historic testimonies and really non-numerous archeologie artefacts in the ground. Battle places as objects of heritage may be divided into 3 groups: a battle place itself, a memorial to the battle and graves of those who were killed in the battle. Concern about the memorialisation ofbattle places in Lithuania was expressed only in the Soviet period - junction of the 7th -8th decades. At that time 12 battle places were included into the lists of historical monuments. It was largely done thanks to one person - Romas Batūra, the historian. This can be seen well from the documentation of memorialisation of Pabaiskas battle (1st September, 1435). In October ofthe year 2016, 20 battle places were included into the register ofreal cultural heritage, 7 of which were left from the earlier lists, and 13 new ones were included - almost all of them from the partisan fights of 1944-1949. Noheritagization of any battles of the 17th-18th c., both World Wars and Lithuanian independence fight period of 1919-1920 has been done. In the heritage ofbattle places one has to distinguish among battles (over 1000 participants), skirmishes (between 100 and 1000 participants), encounters (less than 100 participants) and sieges. Abattle place is a complex (historic, memorial, archaeologic (the most authentic), landscape) protectable object. Trying to define it one has to follow the complex studies on the battle. The only criterion for determining the battle place is presence of reliable data on its location. Lithuania needs a separate register of battle places. [From the publication]