XIX a. antros pusės - XX a. pirmos pusės sodo baldų apžvalga

LTStraipsnyje pristatomi XIX a. antroje pusėje–XX a. pirmoje pusėje Lietuvos parkuose, soduose, oranžerijose naudoti baldai, apžvelgiami jų tipai, formos, gamyboje naudotos medžiagos, aptariamos stilistinės baldų išvaizdos ypatybės. Straipsnis iliustruotas senose istorinėse fotografijose užfiksuotais sodo baldų vaizdais, supažindinama su išlikusiais baldų pavyzdžiais. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Baldai; Parkai; Sodai; Furniture; Parks; Gardens.

ENModernization and technological progress in the 19th century – the arrival and spread of engineering equipment, new materials and constructions and their adaptation – encouraged searching for innovatory forms of furniture suitable for untraditional spaces. Spending more time in gardens, parks and plant houses required the use of furniture made from durable materials that could resist the change of temperature, specially adapted for these spaces. Furniture was one of the most unstable elements of parks and gardens of seasonal use, whose location constantly changed depending on environmental conditions. As the weather cooled down, some pieces were transported to winter gardens or other rooms or storages, and the fixed pieces of furniture, particularly wooden, left outside, did not have any possibilities to survive due to changes of temperature and precipitation. The aim of this article is to show what types of furniture were popular in the second half of the 19th and the first half of 20th century in the parks, gardens and plant houses of Lithuanian manors, referring to iconographic material, early press and research on garden art and furniture of other countries. Most attention is devoted to the types and forms of the furniture of gardens and parks and the production materials, taking into account its specific nature and use in outdoor conditions. The fashions of outdoor furniture that reached Lithuania reflected the processes that took place all over Europe, and thus, in discussing the local issues, a wider context of such production is shown. According to the production materials, furniture used in gardens and plant houses can be divided into the following types: metal, wooden, wicker, stone and faience, as well as customary furniture used in interiors in the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th century, which was taken outdoors if weather permitted and used as garden furniture.Metal furniture, widespread in the 19th century, was most suitable for outdoor conditions. In the production of this type of furniture, bronze, wrought iron and cast iron were used. Besides factory-made items, the tradition of handmade wooden benches and chairs of simple forms was continued. Wicker furniture was also perfectly suitable for gardens – it was inexpensive, easily produced from reeds and willow twigs, of unpretentious forms, and could be used both indoors and outdoors. Another natural material – stone – was also adapted for park and garden furniture. The fashions of the culture of the Far East – China and Japan, – which reached Lithuania in the late 19th and early 20th century, were reflected in the appearance of garden furniture: faience and bamboo furniture was used in manor parks and summerhouses. [From the publication]