Verkių dvaro parko erdvės XVIII a. pabaigoje - XIX a. pradžioje

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama Verkių dvaro sodybos parko – vieno seniausių ir vertingiausių Lietuvos istorinių želdynų – planinė struktūra, apimant 1780–1840 m. laikotarpį. Bandoma identifikuoti pirmines parko erdves, zonas, jų funkcijas ir jungtis, paaiškinti planavimo logiką, stiliaus bruožus pirmuoju Klasicizmo rezidencijos kūrimo laikotarpiu, atsigręžiant į Apšvietos kultūrinį kontekstą ir Europos parkų raidos tendencijas. Išskiriami svarbiausi parko erdvės formavimosi etapai ir plano pokyčiai. Remiantis šaltiniais, patikslinami arba paneigiami kai kurie istoriografijoje įsigalėję klaidingi teiginiai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Dvaro sodyba; Sodų menas; Planinė-erdvinė kompozicija; Parkai; Verkiai; Ignotas Jokūbas Masalskis; Park; Manor estate; Garden art; Planning-spatial composition; Verkiai; Ignacy Jakub Massalski.

ENThe Verkiai manor park is one of the oldest and most valuable culture and nature monuments in Lithuania having comparatively rich historical sources and constantly receiving much research attention. The residence of Bishop Ignacy Jakub Massalski with a park in Verkiai marked the early period of the school of architecture of Vilnius Neoclassicism, and alongside, the beginning of landscape parks in Lithuania. The manor estate was designed by two leading Vilnius architects, Marcin Knackfuss and Laurynas Gucevičius, and the park was created with direct contribution from prominent specialists from the West, among them Charles-Joseph Lamoral de Ligne, the author of one of the first reviews of European garden art. Although this park is relatively well preserved, a significant part of its past relics was lost in the historical turmoil of the 19th and 20th centuries, and historiography contains quite many gaps that appeared not only because of the lack of sources, but also because of their erroneous reading. For example, an erroneous interpretation of the view of the Verkiai watermill from late 18th century (a drawing by Franciszek Smuglewicz) still persists, which considerably distorts the understanding of the condition of the entire complex in the times of Bishop Massalski. Or, with insufficient regard to the difference of styles and eras, the iconography of the nineteenth-century manor estate is used as a source for the reconstruction of eighteenthcentury symbolic meanings.The formation of the body of the garden and park of the Verkiai residence is analyzed, its primary planning structure is reconstructed, and the relation between the aesthetic and practical function of the garden elements and their symbolic content along with its change is addressed, focusing on the period from 1780 to 1840. The research field includes regional cultural contexts and influences as well as the socio-cultural and natural factors; the surviving traces of the solutions made in the period under discussion, their importance and relation to natural heritage are revealed. Certain statements established in historiography are specified or disproved, and a new interpretation of the sources is given. [From the publication]