Nuo suvaržymų iki liberalizmo : sovietinės migracijos politikos bruožai Vilniaus krašte (1944–1989 m.)

LTDėl sovietinės valdžios vykdytos politikos definicijos „migracija“ ir „Vilniaus kraštas“ – labai glaudžiai susijusios. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip sovietinė valdžia, siekdama politinių ir / ar socialinių tikslų, naudojo migracijas, kokia buvo jų specifika Vilniaus krašte, kaip jos pakeitė regiono etninę demografinę padėtį. Nors Vilniaus kraštas dėl istorinio paveldo 1944 m. buvo daugiatautis, dėl sovietinės valdžios vykdytos politikos nagrinėjamo laikotarpio pabaigoje jame tautinių bendrijų dar padaugėjo. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Vilniaus kraštas; Migracinė politika; Gyventojų perkėlimas; Etniniai pokyčiai; Lenkai; Lietuviai.

ENThe article analyses manifestations of the Soviet migration policy in 1944–1989 on the macro- (Lithuania) and micro- (Vilnius region) levels as well as exhibits control mechanisms and their results on the situation in Vilnius region. Following the second Soviet occupation of 1944, Lithuania and its citizens became part of the uniform migration policy implemented throughout the USSR. In the period under consideration migration underwent several stages: starting with the restriction and strict control of migration processes (1944–1953) to their liberalization (1954–1989). Migration related activities carried out in Lithuania during the first period for the most part were under the influence of political factors (sovietisation of the republic), whereas in the second period migration was first and foremost intended to help achieve social and economic objectives (industrialization, intensification of agriculture). The grandiose Soviet economic projects developed in the 1950s-1980s (reclamation of non-cultivated land in Kazakhstan and Russia, development of huge industrial projects in Siberia) required major labour force which was collected all around the USSR, including Lithuania and Vilnius region. Migrations during the Soviet period were among the key factors accountable for the ethnic and demographic changes in Vilnius region. They resulted in qualitative and quantitative changes in the region (shift in the proportion of urban and rural population as well as its ethnic and social structure, intensification of depopulation processes, etc.). However, despite all the radical political and social changes, Vilnius region at the end of the Soviet era had become more multi-national than it was at the end of WWII. [From the publication]