Žemaitiško rašto ištakos ir tradicijos

LTStraipsnyje apžvelgiama žemaitiško rašto istorija nuo pirmosios lietuviškos knygos Martyno Mažvydo katekizmo iki pat šių dienų. Išskiriamas labai svarbus žemaitiškam raštui vystytis XIX amžius, kada ne vienas autorius bandė kurti bendrinę žemaičių kalbą. Apžvelgiami prieškario ir karo metais leistų laikraščių Žemaičių prietelius ir Žemaičių žemė žemaitiškieji skyreliai Žemaitiška pastuogė ir Žemaitėškuojė kertelė, žemaitiški tekstai 1938 m. išleistoje žemaičių prozos ir poezijos antologijoje Žemaičiai. Išryškinama nauja žemaitiško rašto banga XX a. devintojo dešimtmečio pabaigoje ir dešimtajame dešimtmetyje, kai labai stengtasi žemaičių kalbą sugrąžinti į viešąjį gyvenimą, į žemaitišką spaudą ir literatūrą. Parodoma, kad pagal A. Girdenio ir J. Pabrėžos sunormintą žemaičių rašybą gausiai rašomi ne tik straipsniai, atskiri eilėraščiai, skyreliai ar kampeliai rajoniniuose laikraščiuose, bet leidžiamos ir gero lygio, solidžios knygos žemaičių kalba. Išskiriami iškiliausi žemaitiškai rašę ar rašantys autoriai ir jų kūriniai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Žemaitiško rašto istorija; Žemaičių bendrinė kalba; Žemaičių rašyba; History of Samogitian writing; History of Samogitian writing, common language of Samogitians; Samogitian (Žemaitian) writing; Samogitian spelling.

ENThe origin of Samogitian (Zemaitian) writing is related to the first book written in Lithuanian because the basis of the language of Martynas Mažvydas’ Catechism (1547) is clearly Samogitian. Some writings of the 17th–18th centuries are also written on the basis of the Samogitian language. The 19th century is very important for the development of Samogitian writing. The Samogitian language started dominating the works of Samogitian authors and translators (J. A. Pabrėža, S. Daukantas, M. Valančius, S. Stanevičius). During this period, efforts of numerous Samogitians were made to develop standard Lithuanian on the basis of the Samogitian dialect. The tradition of advocating for the Samogitian language continued after the appearance of standard Lithuanian as well. It was probably best reflected in the newspapers Žemaičių prietelius and Žemaičių žemė that were published in the prewar period and during the war. In the dialectal sections of these newspapers Žemaitėšk a pastuogė and Žemaitėškuojė kertelė, stories, proverbs, sayings and especially poems written in Samogitian could be found.A new wave of nurturing Samogitian writing arrived with the Rebirth movement during tile two last decades of the 20th c. In 1991, the Samogitian newspaper A mon sakaa? was launched on the basis of ‘A Guide to Samogitian Writing’ (Žemaičių rašybos patarimai) by J. Pabrėža; later in 1993 it was replaced by the journal Žemaičių žemė. Because the number of those who wanted to write in Samogitian continuously increased, it was necessary to adjust and develop Samogitian writing. This was done by A. Girdenis and j. Pabrėža, who published their book ‘Samogitian Writing’ (Žemaičių rašyba) in 1998. With the adoption of the rules of Samogitian writing, quite a few newspaper and journal articles and literary works were published in Samogitian. More than one popular high-quality book was published in Samogitian. Among prose writers, such authors as E. Rudys, T. Džervienė, and D. Butkus could be mentioned. There is quite a lot of poetry written and published in Samogitian. Published in 1998, an anthology of Samogitian poetry titled Sava muotinu kaibo... is among the best known. A. P. Bagdonas and V. Daujote have written a few books of poems in Samogitian each. There are some bilingual books, where poems in standard Lithuanian go hand in hand with sections of Samogitian poetry. Some authors who were born in Samogitia preserve obvious features of Samogitian in their works, such as Samogitian words, separate forms and sentence structures. [From the publication]