Dėl antrinių dialektų formavimosi ir raidos

LTStraipsnyje aptariamas vienas iš tradicinių lietuvių tarmių kaitos aspektų, - kai tame pačiame plote gyvavusios tradicinės tarmės pagrindu formuojasi naujas vietinis lietuvių kalbos variantas. Nors ir išsaugojęs nemaža senųjų ypatybių, jis negali būti laikomas natūraliu tradicinės (pa)tarmės tęsiniu, jeigu neignoruojami pokyčiai, atsiradę dėl kitos kalbos (ar kitų kalbų) vietinių variantų poveikio. Straipsnyje remiamasi Kauno-Jonavos ruožo, kur iki šiol kalbama bent keliais vietiniais - lietuvių ir lenkų - kalbų variantais, medžiaga, surinkta daugiausia apie 2016-2018 m. Ji papildyta 2012-2014 m. projekto1 duomenimis iš tų pačių apylinkių ir 2018 m. dviejų ekspedicijų po Kauno rajono apylinkes duomenimis. [Iš leidinio]

ENThis article deals with the specifics of the formation and development of secondary dialects in Lithuania based on the concept of the formation and transformation of dialects that took shape in the late 20th-early 21st century and was laid down in the works of Peter Auer, Johan Taeldeman, Peter Trudgill, Jack K. Chambers, and other linguists. In Lithuanian dialectology, primary dialects are replaced by the term traditional dialect - it is this type of dialect that is defined by a degree of isolation and, to put it in other words, is ‘locally limited in nature’. Formation of secondary dialects can be seen quite clearly in a setting of multilingual local variations, like in Eastern and South-eastern as well as Central Lithuania, and not just in the marginal borderland areas, but in the region of Kaunas and Jonava, too. Thanks to historical, social, political, and cultural factors, the local traditional Lithuanian local subdialects were shunted out of active sociocultural usage at different times. The local dialectal formations of the Lithuanian language that are undergoing formation under the conditions of local multilingualism in the environs of Kaunas and Jonava should be seen as secondary dialects. These dialects are affected both by the enduring multilingualism of the local populace of the oldest and medium generation, and the state languages of Lithuania and the neighbouring countries that make their way into every home through school, radio, television, press, or other media.Recent research has shown that this secondary local dialect of the Lithuanian language, which has maintained some of the inherent characteristics of the primary dialect, is the vernacular of choice of the younger generation. In the area surrounding Kaunas and Jonava, the Lithuanian language of the local people is still perceptibly under the influence of the local Polish subdialect, inheriting some of its phonetical attributes that, as we can see from the analysis, are retained by all three generations of the local residents to a greater or lesser degree. Such differences would seem enough for us to be able to say that the local Lithuanian variation might have been seriously affected by the Polish subdialect, what with it having been in active use for decades in the Kaunas-Jonava region. And this would not be the same what we normally consider the traditional Western Aukštaitian subdialect of Kaunas or Šiauliai. What sets this variation apart from the traditional Lithuanian subdialects is the mixing of ė and ie, о and uo in the stressed position and the phenomena of accent dephonologisation in stressed compound and mixed diphthongs. So, the qualities that have been possibly taken from the local Polish language prevent us from considering the local variation of the Lithuanian language that is currently in use in the Kaunas-Jonava area a direct continuation of the old traditional dialect.On the other hand, once we realise the conditional character of the differential characteristics of the Western Aukstaitian subdialect of Šiauliai, we should go further and look for phonetical qualities that would consolidate the foundation of authenticity of the Western Aukštaitian subdialect of Šiauliai. Its variegated nature and substantial diversity of dialectal attributes has evidence in the old classification of dialects by Antanas Salys. It is possible that the formation of the secondary dialect of the Kaunas-Jonava region will not be a finite process. As the self-consciousness of the local populace follows the shift in language, there is a chance that a variation bearing the characteristics of the ethnolect could emerge. 24. [From the publication]