Knygos kultūros apraiškos Vytauto Civinskio "Dienoraštyje" (1904-1910)

LTStraipsnyje analizuojamas studento Vytauto Civinskio (1887–1910) rankraštinis „Dienoraštis“, siekiant atskleisti Civinskio liudijimų apie knygos kultūrą šio asmens gyvenime bei jo aplinkoje gausą ir įvairovę. Minėti duomenys susiję su knygų skaitymu ir aktyviu periodinių leidinių prenumeravimu, dalijimusi jais su artimaisiais ir jų skaitymo skatinimu, spaudos viešinimu prisidedant prie bibliotekų kūrimo. Atkreiptas dėmesys į itin gausų ir įvairiakalbį dienoraštininko skaitymo repertuarą, jo aktyvią ir emocingą skaitytojo poziciją, suformuotus skaitymo įgūdžius. Žinoma, kad Civinskis pildė skaitymo užrašus, analizavo jį paveikusius literatūros kūrinius, gilinosi į skaitytų kūrinių problematiką. Gretinami šaltinio duomenys ir to laikotarpio skaitybą tyrusių mokslininkų įžvalgos leidžia naujaip ir gaiviai pajusti XX a. pradžios žmogaus santykį su knyga ir su skaitymu. Lietuvoje Civinskio gyventa Aukštaitijoje: Latavėnų dvare šalia Anykščių ir Mituvos dvare šalia Skapiškio. Todėl šis knygiaus individualus patyrimas, užfiksuotas egodokumente, leido skleisti dar vieną Aukštaitijos skaitymo kultūros istorijos puslapį. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe article aims to explore the possibilities of analyzing an egodocument as a source for the studies of book culture. The article consists of an analysis of an egodocument from the beginning of 20th century, a manuscript of "The Diary", written by a voracious reader and young intellectual, veterinarian student Vytautas Civinskis (or Witold Cywiński, 1887–1910). This "Diary" is a large document, containing more than 3500 pages, where the original autobiographic text is combined with the received correspondence, printed matter, postcards collected and the photographs made by the diarist. Book culture is a relatively new concept that unites various data and practices related to the different uses of a book, its material and spiritual value for the individual. This article demonstrates that, while analyzing the selected "Diary", perhaps every possible aspect of book culture can be mentioned. Some information was collected on the buying of books, on reading promotion, on selling some printed materials and so on. The numerous reader’s notes, written by Civinskis, show which books were read by the diarist and what conclusions could be drawn. The epistolary part of this egodocument demonstrates how important for this family was the reading of the latest news printed in various newspapers. The practice of reusing newspapers (sending most interesting of the read newspapers to the relatives) was discovered. It is noted, for example, that Vytautas Civinskis received the most important articles from his father, and that he himself would send or subscribe to some of the magazines for his younger brother. Sharing of the information and favorite books was an important part of family life. This practice was also obvious, when some of the books, prohibited in the Russian Empire, were smuggled from abroad (also by the diarist himself) to be shared with relatives or sold.The "Diary", beginning of which was written in the times of the ban of the Lithuanian language, sheds some light on phenomena important for that epoch in Lithuania. The interest of the diarist for Lithuanian literature and his sympathy to the Lithuanian language revival is clearly seen through his reading preferences. The "Diary" allows the researchers to investigate which books were bought and which periodicals were subscribed to by the diarist. Attention was drawn on the extremely rich repertoire of the literature read by Civinskis. Among the read books were the classics of Polish, Russian, Lithuanian and world literatures as well as the scientific and socialist ideology books. The fact that Vytautas Civinskis participated in the working matters of two small libraries, one of the Lithuanian Tartu Student Society and one of the Society of Skapiškis Farmers, is also mentioned. It seems that the regulations of the latter now can be found only in draft in the "Diary" of Vytautas Civinskis. Both of the libraries depended strongly on donations and charity, collected during specially arranged public performances. In summary, it can be noted that the selected egodocument, as well as the other documents of this kind, seem to be a promising source for further, more extensive studies of book culture and any related cultural practices. [From the publication]