O stawaniu się sejmu w świetle "Roczników" Jana Długosza
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Generalinis Seimas; Janas Dlugošas; Jono Dlugošo Kronika; Konstitucinė monarchija; Kronika (Annales); Lenkija (Lenkijos karalystė. Kingdom of Poland. Poland); Provincinis seimas; Seimas (parlamentas); Teritorinis seimas; Visuotiniai susirinkimai; Annale of Jan Dlugosz; Constitutional monarchy; General Assemblies; Jan Dlugosz; Kingdom of Poland; Provincial sejm; Roczniki (Annales); Sejm (parliament).
ENAnalysing the fragments of Jan Dlugosz’s Roczniki, which refer to the origins of the Polish sejm, one can determine certain trends that developed during the reign of the first kings of the Jagiellonian dynasty. At first, the strengthening of the royal council, which initially was originally strictly a consultative and advisory body, can be observed. Over time, due to external pressures and succession issues, the council was convened increasingly often and royal advisors gained a certain degree of independence. Reading Dlugosz’s Roczniki, one can trace the transformation of the official royal council through enlarging its membership; the participation of the knights, which was passive at first but became more active over time; the parallel functioning of the national sejm and provincial parliaments in the absence of sejmiki (local councils). At the same time, the Roczniki contain no mention of the political, institutionalised role of informal gatherings of nobles in the 15th century. Thus, it is difficult to discuss the relationship between these meetings and the formation of the Sejm as it is presented in the literature.According to Długosz, the sejm clearly grew out of the royal council. The councils were held first, leading to the emergence of the provincial sejms, which then transformed into the national sejm. The actions of the provincial sejms emphasised existing regional differences. In the activities of the Great Sejm, it is possible to see its centralising role, uniting the political elites and creating a uniform national political consciousness (by combining the Małopolska and Wielkopolska traditions). [From the publication]
