Edmundo Alfonso Fryko architektūrinis palikimas : geležinkelio stotys

LTStraipsnyje pristatoma mažai tyrinėta žymaus architekto Edmundo Alfonso Fryko (1876–1944) projektuotų geležinkelio stočių architektūra, kurioje užkoduoti pirmosios nepriklausomybės pradžios ekonominiai, sociokultūriniai ir estetiniai lūžiai. Kūrėjas suprojektavo Kretingos, Tauragės, Rokiškio, Vilkaviškio (Didžiųjų Šelvių) ir Marijampolės geležinkelio stotis. Ši architekto kūrybos sfera yra mažai tyrinėta, tačiau atskleidžia jo kūrybines inspiracijas, požiūrį į šio tipo visuomeninių pastatų architektūrinę raišką, per ją atsiskleidžia užsakovo įtaka meniniams sprendimams, reprezentatyvumo siekis. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Edmundas Alfonsas Frykas; Geležinkelio stotis; Marijampolė; Tauragė; Kretinga; Rokiškis; Vilkaviškis; Edmundas Alfonsas Frykas; Railway station; Marijampolė; Tauragė; Kretinga; Rokiškis; Vilkaviškis.

ENOne of the most representative objects of industrial heritage is the railway and its systems. The appearance of railways had a strong impact on the population, and buildings for passengers in railway stations were often called “new departments”. Railway stations were gateways to the city and the world. In Lithuania, the first broad-gauge railways were constructed in the period of tsarist Russia. They were the first tracks that served for economic improvement in tsarist Russia. After Lithuania regained independence, this route only partially met the needs of the young state’s economic growth and people’s travelling. The government of Lithuania decided to build two broad-gauge railway routes: Kazlų Rūda−Marijampolė−Šeštokai and Kretinga–Telšiai−Kužiai, so that the newly emerging state could expand and accelerate the opportunities for trade exchange and improve passenger communication. The Lithuanian Railway Board not only initiated the design and construction work of the new routes, but also began to take care of the restoration and management of stations damaged during the war. In the first decade its operation, the Board employed a talented architect – engineer Edmundas Alfonsas Frykas – to create architectural design. He designed projects of passenger terminals in Marijampolė, Kretinga, Tauragė, Vilkaviškis and Rokiškis railway stations. Frykas’s architectural style was formed in the study years and was influenced by his father’s architectural experience. That is why the historical style predominant in his buildings is complemented by the details of art deco, modern style and retrospectivism, which show his broad outlook in architecture.These features are reflected in the architecture of passenger terminals in railway stations: historicism and modern style in the Vilkaviškis station, eclectic neoclassicism with art deco elements in Tauragė, and prominent art deco features in Rokiškis and Kretinga. In this group, the complex of buildings of the Marijampolė railway station is especially distinguished for its early modern style of architecture. The architect used stylistic features that were not popular in Lithuania but were used in Europe in the 1920s. All the stations designed by Frykas reflect the rapport between the developer and the customer, as well as the pursuit of individuality and representation that affects architectural diversity. Moreover, they are adapted for specific sites and include extraordinary architectural features revealing the search for national architectural trends in the 1930s. Besides, they show the willingness of the Railway Board to counterweight the influence of the tsarist period and create an original architectural style and representation. [From the publication]