Kostrovickiai iš Arnionių – šeima, padėjusi išsaugoti Lauryno Gucevičiaus atminimą

LTĮdomaus ir XVIII a. pabaigoje Lietuvos kultūros istorijai itin reikšmingo architekto Lauryno Gucevičiaus kūrybos ir biografijos pažinimas vyksta gan lėtai. Jo kūrybinio palikimo tyrimuose vis dar lieka daug neaiškumų, nepatvirtintų hipotezių. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama pagrįsti Gucevičiui priskiriamo Arnionių dvaro autorystę. Kadangi tokią atribuciją įrodančių neginčijamų rašytinių šaltinių nėra, remiamasi platesniais, antraeiliais istoriniais duomenimis – kalbama apie aplinkybes, įvykius, žmones ir jų tarpusavio ryšius, kurie galėjo būti susiję su šiuo užsakymu. Taip pat daug dėmesio skiriama istorinės atminties temai, parodoma, kad žinių apie architektą išsaugojimui ir įamžinimui didelės įtakos turėjo Kostrovickiai, susigiminiavę su istoriko Mykolo Balinskio ir Lauryno Gucevičiaus bičiulio Kazimiero Hornovskio šeimomis. Prielaidoms pagrįsti pasitelkiama ir dvaro ansamblio struktūros bei architektūrinių formų analizė. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Laurynas Gucevičius; Arnionys; Klasicizmo architektūra; Kostrovickiai; Balinskiai; Hornovskiai; Laurent Gucewicz; Arnionys; Neoclassical architecture; Kostrowicki; Baliński; Hornowski.

ENThe article contains new biographical data on the architect Laurent Gucewicz (1753–1798), additional information about his family and social relations. He was a close friend of Kazimierz Hornowski, administrator of Bishop Ignacy Jakub Massalski’s domains (from 1780), who lived in the Riešė manor near Vilnius (so-called Jesuit Riešė) from the late 18th century. Circa 1799, Hornowski married Gucewicz’s widow Teofila, and their children became stepbrothers and stepsisters. Through his stepfather’s family the architect’s son Stanisław became close to the noble Kostrowicki family from Arnionys – in 1839, Hornowski’s granddaughter Maria married Aleksander Kostrowicki (son of Kajetan Kostrowicki and Róża Balińska). Stanisław Gucewicz lived in Arnionys for some time, from 1858 was an authorized representative of the Kostrowickis, and after Aleksander Kostrowicki’s death became the guardian of his children. Before his death Gucewicz left his father’s most important documents and portraits to Stanisław Kostrowicki for safekeeping. These documents, along with a part of the Arnionys archive, from the second half of the 19th century were held in the archive of the Riešė manor owned by the Hornowski (later, the Kostrowicki). The relations of the Kostrowicki and the Gucewicz with the Baliński family also were very important for the preservation of the memory of Laurent Gucewicz. In 1809, Kajetan Kostrowicki, son of the builder of the Arnionys manor Michał Kostrowicki, married Róża, the daughter of the captain of the Vilnius Voivodeship Ignacy Baliński, and the sister of the historian-to-be Michał Baliński. Interestingly, it was Michał Baliński who published the first biography of Laurent Gucewicz in 1816 (at the end of his life he wrote another, wider article about the architect together with Stanisław Kostrowicki).Michał Baliński’s family had several manors in the Širvintos parish, in which Laurent Gucewicz established the Laurai folwark on the land given to him by right of emphyteusis by Bishop Massalski in 1787. Inscriptions in the early nineteenthcentury register of the Širvintos church show that the Baliński were in close contact with Laurent Gucewicz’s brothers who still lived in the environs, thus the author of the article advances a supposition that they were familiar with the architect himself. In addition to these circumstances pointing to the possible relations of the Kostrowicki with people from Gucewicz’s environment, the masonic relations should be mentioned. Several members of the nobility, e.g. Walenty Gorecki, who were close friends with Michał Kostrowicki, belonged to the same Vilnius masonic lodges as the architect in the late 18th century. In the author’s opinion, all the abovediscussed facts confirm the hypothesis about Laurent Gucewicz as a possible designer of the Arnionys manor house. To prove this hypothesis, she analyses the structure and architectural forms of the manor ensemble. [From the publication]