Užkariauta moteris : karo metų seksualinės prievartos tema lietuvių literatūroje

LTStraipsnyje susitelkiama į XX a. antros pusės – XXI a. lietuvių literatūrą, kurioje išskiriama seksualinės prievartos tema kaip kultūros brandą ir visuomenės humanizmą testuojantis klausimas. Tyrimas pradedamas nuo vieno iš pirmųjų lietuvių grožinės literatūros prozininko Motiejaus Valančiaus, reprezentuojančio bendruomeninių taisyklių modelio pradžią, vėliau dėmesys skiriamas išeivijos autorių – Birutės Pūkelevičiūtės, Antano Škėmos, Martyno Jankaus – prozai. Sovietmečiu rašytuose Jono Avyžiaus, Mykolo Sluckio, Juozo Grušo kūriniuose ryškinami individualios sąžinės nulemti pasirinkimai, nagrinėjamas moters aukojimosi siužetas ir hagiografinis kodas, aktualus Sauliaus Šaltenio, Icchoko Mero, Romualdo Granausko kūrybai. Kaip atskira paradigma aptariami laisvėjančios literatūros tekstai, bandantys atverti harmonijos ieškojimo kelius, atkreipiamas dėmesys į literatūros kūrinių recepciją, atspindinčią „civilizacinių procesų“ kaitą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Prievarta prieš moteris; Karo prostitucija; Literatūra; Vytautas Kavolis; Cristophas von Füreris-Haimendorfas; Antrasis pasaulinis karas, 1939-1945 (World War II); Holokaustas; Sąmoningumų istorija; Kultūros modernėjimas; Violence against women; War prostitution; Lithuanian literature; Vytautas Kavolis; Cristoph von Fürer-Haimendorf; Second World War; Holocaust; History of awareness; Modernization of culture.

ENThe article “The Woman Defeated: Theme of Sexual Violence of Wartime” is devoted to the Lithuanian literature written in the second half of the 20th, and the 21st century with the purpose to recognize the moral systems on the basis of theoretical models of anthropologist Cristoph von Fürer-Haimendorf, and ideas on changes in the civilization processes of culture sociologist Vytautas Kavolis. The article starts with reviews of the immense amount of material related to representations of violence against women in literature and cinema, problems concerning (un) reliability of memoirs, reminding of relevance of the mentioned topic nowadays. Analysis of the Lithuania literature at the beginning focuses on the work of Lithuanian writers in exile, in relation to which two tendencies may be highlighted: 1) attitude of a kind of indifference to anything that is not own experience; 2) solidarity with the victims of violence, particularly when that violence is extremely cruel and a victim is of impeccable morals. Analyzing the Soviet period literature, the moral system of individual conscience, and self-conscious choice to take or not the personal responsibility is described; from the seventies to the present day remains important the other subject – that of the female sacrifice, and fictional representation using the hagiographical code. The article more comprehensively deals with the third paradigm of the Lithuanian literature, which reflects rejecting of the common morals, and presents split mode of individual routes for search of harmony. Focusing on the most recent Lithuanian literature, subjects, which are recognized, include attempts of emancipation from the inherited patriarchal traditions, and efforts to further control the theme of violence, and set limits to its representation, which may still be recognized in the current discussions on relations between art and morality.Thus, configurations revealing approaches to violence against women become clearer, and it helps to better understand processes of the culture modernization and internal stagnation. [From the publication]