Istorinė kartografija : Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės urbanistikos istorijos šaltinis

LTStraipsnyje pristatomi XVI–XIX a. rankraštiniai kartografiniai šaltiniai, kuriuose fiksuota nemažai informacijos, aktualios Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės (toliau – LDK) architektūros ir urbanistikos istorijos tyrimams. Šie šaltiniai Lietuvos mokslo apyvartoje naudoti ribotai ir tyrėjų dar tik atrandami. Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti LDK rankraštinių kartografinių šaltinių reikšmę urbanistikos ir architektūros istorijos tyrimuose. Pristatoma šaltinių kilmė, patikimumo laipsnis. Aptariamas jų turinys išryškinant fiksuotos informacijos universalumą ir aktualumą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Kartografija; Istorinė geografija; Architektūra; Urbanistika; Cartography; Historical cartography; Architecture; Townscape; Urbanism.

ENThe article presents 16th–19th century manuscript cartographic documents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (hereafter referred to as the GDL) as historical sources, emphasizing their use in the research into urbanism and the history of architecture. These documents have still not been fully analysed by interdisciplinary researchers. Manuscript cartographic documents of the GDL were created for practical purposes: local inhabitants needed to document their real estate, landholdings and manors across the country. Urban maps and plans began to be prepared in the 17th century. In some cases, they represented the structure of a town or its part, whereas in other cases their object was a town and the landscape of its surroundings. A number of schemes and plans of monasteries, sometimes also featuring the surrounding areas, have been preserved. There the focus is on drawing the layout plan of the monastery and its environs, which at times also included its owned lands and adjacent territories. These sources are helpful in the studies of both local history and the history of architecture, especially when the drawings include parks. The majority of the former urban plans and maps of the GDL date back to the nineteenth-century period of the Russian Empire. Cartographic sources register the dynamics of urban development. Manor houses, villages, estates, folwarks, monasteries, towns, cities and other objects related to the urban structure were marked on the maps. These visual documents allow us to analyse the density of the population and the local historical panorama. People perceived the geographic environment not only through their knowledge of the inhabited territories and connecting roads, but also by knowing where impenetrable forests, marshes, lakes and rivers were located. Graphic representation of buildings on maps shows the architectural features of manor houses, monastery complexes, villages etc.Together with the information from the manuscript sources, these visual data allow us to make more comprehensive conclusions during architectural research. [From the publication]