Par latviešu Jāņiem lietuviski

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Beekvivalentė leksika; Joninės latvių literatūroje; Latvijos Joninių pavadinimai lietuvių kalba; Latvių kalba; Poezija; Proza; Realijų pavadinimai; Tos literatūros vertimas į lietuvių kalbą; Vertimas; Latvian; Latvian St. John's (Midsummer Day) names in Lithuanian; Names of realities; Non-equivalent lexis; Poetry; Prose; St. John's (Midsummer Day) in Latvian literature; Translation; Translation of that Latvian literature into Lithuanian.

ENJāņi (lit.: plural of Jānis) is the Latvian traditional name for the summer solstice or Midsummer festival. This name (both in singular and plural form) has also given rise to a range of collocations and compounds which denote various realia or persons associated with this festival - e. g., Jāņa tēvs, lāņa māte, Jāņa bērni; jāņuzāles, jāņusiers, jāņuguns. The present paper analyzes the treatment of these lexical units in Lithuanian translations of Latvian poetry (including folksongs) and fiction. Some synonymous denotations of these concepts are also discussed (Līgo vakars, Zāļu diena, Zāļu vakars, līgotāji, līgotnes). In most of these translations, the Latvian name Jāņi is substituted by the corresponding Joninės, but in the translations of folksongs - by shorter versions Janiai and Jonai. The Jānis as the central person of the Jāņi festival in some of these Lithuanian translations is denoted by the name Janis, less frequently also Janytis. In the translated prose texts, the name Jānis has mostly been transcribed as Janis, and in one case substituted by Jonas. The denotations līgotāji and Jāņu bērni referring to the participants of the festival have not been rendered very succesfully in the Lithuanian translations. When translating the collocations Jāņu tēvs, Jāņu māte and Jāņu bērni used in folksongs, the name Janis is employed. Besides, Jāņu māte is sometimes rendered by using synonyms motė or močia.There is more diversity in translating the denotations of Midsummer-related objects. For instance, the concept of jāņuzāles ('Midsummer herbs/flowers') in the translated poetry is sometimes rendered by using generic words gėlės 'flowers', žolės or žolynai 'herbs, plants', omitting the culture-specific element; sometimes substituted by the name of a particular plant, in some cases - completely omitted. In fiction, too, the translations of jāņuzāles, jāņuguns and līgotnes are very varied. The analysis proved that neither in poetry nor in prose translations it is possible to attain precise equivalence between source and target texts. When translating non-equivalent vocabulary, the focus is on the target audience -helping them to understand a concept, but simultaneously allowing to enjoy its culture-specific flavour. Obviously that is why the name of the festival Līgo svētki is never replaced in Lithuanian translations by Rasos, but jāņuzāles -by kupoliai. These equivalents can only be found in dictionaries. Most of the texts analyzed here have been translated in Lithuanian by famous poets (A. Baltakis, V. Braziūnas, S. Geda, A. Maldonis), but fiction - by professional translators (Dz. Irbytė, K. Korsakas, L. Kudirkienė, R. Zajančkauskaitė), with the exception of A. Stratas. Some of the published translations are rather old, some - relatively recent, or renewed and revised. [From the publication]