Przywileje dzielnicowe Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Stan i perspektywy badań

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Istoriografija; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Sritinės privilegijos; Žemių privilegijos; Žemės privilegijos; Historiography; Land charters; Regional charters.

ENIndividual regions of the Great Lithuanian Duchy were issued certain privileges, also called charters. These documents regulated the relationships between the people of Lithuania and Lithuanian great dukes, and governed the ownership system of those regions and their respective laws. Charters began to be issued already in the 1440s, and they had remained valid and in force until the beginning of the 17th century. The fi rst scientifi c editions of regional charters appeared in the fi rst half of the 19th century, in Polish and Russian publications. In the second half of the 19th century, after the uprising of 1863, interest in those monuments of the laws of the Great Duchy of Lithuania increased. This interest was caused by political reasons as the Russian Empire adopted a new course of policy and a concept of the Great Duchy being a Lithuanian-Ruthenian state, which ultimately and practically meant a Russian state. Its law was to be modelled on the Russian Justice (Russkaya Pravda) and was to be implemented in its pure, almost intact form. The research was initiated by Russian historians from so-called Kiev school of west-Ruthenian law school (among them Fiodor I. Leontovich (1933-1911) and Michail N. Jasinsky (1862-1935). They identifi ed three stages of development of regional privileges and established their dates. Their studies were continued at the beginning of the 20th century by Jan Feliks Jakubowski (1874-1938), whose conclusions were subsequently adopted by Polish and Russian scientists and have remained basically unchanged till today.At the same time, in particular the last decade of the 20th century, following a discovery of new documents, many of the earlier opinions and beliefs concerning regional charters have been verifi ed and the scope of research widened. Hence a number of research postulates pro futuro. What needs to be studied thoroughly are, among others, the recently discovered Novograd privilege of 1440, or the manner in which regional privileges functioned. Other questions to answer are: where were they kept, who could access them, or in which cases were they submitted for endorsement? How did they relate to other legal acts of historic Lithuania, such as land privileges, Lithuanian statutes, Magdeburg rights, gentry resolutions, statutes, requests voiced at Seym sessions, or Lithuanian customary law. The research should extend on the whole territory of the Great Duchy of Lithuania, taking into account its particularities, but should ultimately constitute a synthesis of the accomplishments of national historiographies. [From the publication]

• Teisė / Law
• Istorija / History