Прадстаўніцтва Вялікага Княства Літоўскага на Люблінскім сойме 1569 года : удзел у працы першага вальнага сойма Рэчы Паспалітай

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Abiejų Tautų Respublika (ATR; Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów; Žečpospolita; Sandrauga; Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth); Lenkija (Lenkijos karalystė. Kingdom of Poland. Poland); 1569 m. Seimas; Parlamentarizmas; Politinis elitas; Kolektyvinė biografija; Livonijos karas, 1558-1583 (Livonian War); Konfrontacija; Politinė sąjunga; Polish Kingdom; Seym of 1569; Parliamentarism; Politic elite; Collective biography; Livonian War; Confrontation; Politic union.

ENThe book is devoted to the study of activities and personal composition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (hereafter - GDL) delegation at the First General Diet of the Commonwealth that was held in Lublin from 2 July to 12 August 1569. The author identifies three main areas of activity of the GDL representation at the Diet: determination of state-legal status of the GDL within the Commonwealth; ensuring the joint with the Polish Kingdom defense of the country; and settlement of local and personal matters. The most important task for the GDL senators and district representatives was ensuring equal status of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Kingdom within a federal Commonwealth, that was established under the terms of the Union of Lublin on 1 July 1569. Diet's decisions on delineation of competences between central and court office-holders of the Grand Duchy and the Kingdom along with the royal privilege from 29 July 1569 safeguarded de facto all the rights and liberties of the GDL. The special commission responsible for editing of the Second Statute of the GDL (1566) was created at the Diet, which reflected the desire of the Polish Kingdom to unify the law in both subjects of the Commonwealth. However, being composed merely of representatives of the Bela-rusian and Lithuanian gentry, the commission got the opportunity to work on improvement of the Statute primarily per socio-political interests of the GDL. Consideration of several issues fundamental to the further functioning of the Commonwealth (such as the procedure for election of the new king and grand duke, the reform of the justice system, and the creation of a unified monetary system) was postponed to a later time.Negative results of the Diet for the Grand Duchy delegation included the following facts: significant part of the GDL political elite was not included to the joint Senate; the center of political life of the Commonwealth was moved to the lands of the Kingdom of Poland; Livonia was not recognized as an exclusive possession of the GDL; and Sigis-mund's Augustus decision on incorporation of Podlasie and Ukrainian lands to the Polish Kingdom was not revised. Nevertheless, the Diet legally fixed affiliation of Mazyr district to Minsk palatinate of the GDL. Activities of the GDL delegation at the First General Diet of the Commonwealth were focused on the number of issues related to the country's defense organization. At the same time GDL district representatives constantly tried to avoid the approval of new taxes and abolish the payment of previously assigned exactions or eliminate certain duties as well as handle some expenses to the ruler's treasury, - all that was caused by a very deep financial and economic crisis that covered the Grand Duchy in the late 1560s because of the Livonian War. Nevertheless, new taxes for army recruitment were approved at the Diet, however, at a relatively small rate. Decision was taken to control the collection of old taxes in a best possible way. The debate on the organization of joint defense of the GDL failed. The idea of convening a joint mobilization of irregular army was not supported by Sigismund Augustus and the Senate, while the proposal to establish a public treasury to maintain regular army was not actually discussed.The only real option at that time to increase the defense potential of the Grand Duchy was the project of introducing the institution of the 'quarter', suggested by some district representatives, but it was not implemented. A Great Embassy of the Commonwealth was sent from Lublin to Muscovy, which was an attempt to get a temporary respite in the war to restore the military and economic potential of the country and accumulate forces to continue fighting. The author concludes that according to the records of the Diet of 1569 the GDL political nation was determined to conduct an offensive war against the grand duke of Muscovy Ivan the Terrible. During the Diet the GDL delegation raised issues which quite clearly exposed the difficulties of everyday life of gentry and their subjects in the conditions of war. [...]. [From the publication]

• Politikos mokslai / Political sciences
• Istorija / History