Įvykio vietos apžiūra Lietuvoje: problematika ir efektyvaus veiklos modelio diegimo paieškos

• Navickienė, Žaneta
• Žuravliovas, Edvinas

LTĮvykio vietos apžiūra – pirminis ir vienas svarbiausių ikiteisminio tyrimo veiksmų, kurio metu ne tik užfiksuojami turintys reikšmę duomenys ir pėdsakai. Tai veiksmas, lemiantis ir tolesnę tiriamo įvykio eigą, neretai ir galutinę bylos sėkmę. Mokslinių ir praktinių tyrimų šiuo klausimu nestokojama, tačiau ikiteisminio tyrimo kokybės užtikrinimas, siekimas pamatuoti ikiteisminio tyrimo efektyvumą ir naujų veiklos formatų diegimas praktikoje dabartiniu metu sudaro svarias prielaidas analizuoti įvykio vietos apžiūros klausimus naujai – ieškant efektyvaus modelio diegimo varianto. Straipsnį sudaro trys tarpusavyje susijusios dalys. Pirmojoje dalyje analizuojama įvykio vietos apžiūros problema teisinio reguliavimo kontekste, įvertinama įvykio vietos apžiūros bei tyrimo takoskyra ir pateikiami siūlymai dėl kai kurių teisinio reguliavimo pokyčių. Antrojoje dalyje pristatoma taktinių rekomendacijų dėl įvykio vietos apžiūros įgyvendinimo situacija ir problematika, taip pat pabrėžiamas tikslingas kriminalistinių taktinių rekomendacijų laikymasis. Trečiojoje dalyje analizuojamas esamas darbo organizavimo formatas ir charakterizuojamas galimas efektyvus veiklos modelis įvertinant proceso stiprybes, silpnybes, grėsmes ir galimybes (toliau – SSGG), be to įvertinamos subjektų, dirbančių įvykio vietoje, įgaliojimų ir kompetencijų raiškos, pasiūlomos jų veiklos tobulinimo perspektyvos. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Baudžiamasis procesas; Darbo organizavimas; Ikiteisminio tyrimo pareigūnas; Ikiteisminis tyrimas; Įvykio vieta; Įvykio vietos apžiūra; Įvykio vietos tyrimas; Crime investigation; Crime scene; Crime scene inspection; Crime scene investigation; Criminal procedure; Criminal proceedings; Organizing police work; Pre-trial investigation; Pre-trial officer.

ENCrime scene inspection is a primary and one of the most important pre trial investigation procedures which not only records significant clues and data, but also determinates further sequence of events and final success of a case. Although there is no lack of academic and practical research on this issue, pre trial investigation quality assurance, pre trial investigation efficiency assessment and introduction of new operation formats in practice currently compose solid assumptions to analyze crime scene inspection newly by searching for efficient model of conducting pre trial investigation. This article analyzes a problem of crime scene inspection in the context of legal regulation, typology differences and provides proposals of certain legal regulation changes. Differences of criminal law traditions, provides various crime scene inspection concepts. Manifold variety of this procedure do not create any confusion for essential content perception of crime scene inspection emphasizing different crime scene inspection peculiarities, mentioned concepts of crime scene inspection mainly are not controversial. The code of criminal procedure of the Republic of Lithuania regulates crime scene inspection and crime scene investigation. The differences of these actions’ legal regulation do not make significant impact for a practical activity, therefore in context of law application there is a lack of clear and targeted watershed of these actions. It determines a reasonable sight in which these actions in the legal regulation are divided artificially. Crime scene investigation is a combined and detailed part of a crime scene inspection. There is no demand to divide crime scene investigation as an independent pre law inspection action.Therefore questions of the improvement of the code of criminal procedure of the Republic of Lithuania article 205 part 1 could be raised in terms of eliminating crime scene investigation as a separate institute of a criminal process. This article also introduces tactical recommendations for crime scene inspection, situation and issues, highlights purposeful criminal tactical recommendations compliance. In order to comprehensively evaluate opportunities of new operational work model application in the context of crime scene inspection, the existing work management structural format and characterize possible efficient operational work model through the SWOT analyzes, and evaluate subjects’ power and competence in place of crime scene, also improvement opportunities are being offered. Research results has shown that there are flaws during the crime scene inspection – securing the crime scene, preparing and conducting the search, gathering clue or objects in the crime scene. Therefore there is a question how to apply complex tactical, technical, organizational and educational measures – apply new complex measures responding to criminal activities and conducting primary pre trial investigation actions by evaluating every investigation phase nature and features; purposive training organization and management element (communication and planning) implication in this field. By applying a new operational work model, it is advisable to periodically conduct a detailed activity format application evaluation. Also, SWOT analysis of this process allowed identify strengths and opportunities of a new activity model and also weaknesses and threats in order to reduce risk and avoid mistakes. [From the publication]