Teorinės vadovavimo požymių įžvalgos

LTVykstantys ekonominiai pokyčiai, neišvengiamai veikia ir vadovavimą organizacijai. Straipsnyje aptariama vadovavimo organizacijai samprata. Remiantis Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslinės literatūros autoriais, apžvelgiamos vadovavimo sampratos, sudaryta vadovavimo schema, apibūdinami vadovavimo požymiai, juos suskirstant pagal klasikines vadovavimo teorijas, pateikiamos vadovavimo požymių išnaudojimo galimybės ir grėsmės. Galimi vadovavimo apibūdinimai: vadovavimas – tai įtakos priemonė arba valdžios galia kitiems; vadovavimas – tai tam tikra patirtis; neginčijamas ir nevertinamas vadovo tinkamumas užimamoms pareigoms. Nustatyta, kad vadovavimo požymių yra labai daug ir įvairių, juos reikia tirti, norint nustatyti jų svarbą ir reikšmę tiriamose organizacijose. Vadovavimas atpažįstamas pagal požymius: kūrybiškumas ir gebėjimas numatyti ateitį; gebėjimas įkvėpti (darbuotojus) ir elgsena (vadovo ir darbuotojų); gebėjimas nukreipti (darbuotojus) ir sutelkti pastangas (veiklos vystymui); gebėjimas suteikti įgaliojimus (darbuotojams) ir sutelkti sekėjus (sugebėjimas paveikti jų elgseną). [Iš leidinio]

ENIn our research paper we discuss the issues of leadership and the degree to which the administration of the resources and decision making, the structure, the rules and the regulations, the formal relations, the strategies and the visions, the organisational culture, the performance management, the assessments and the penalties, the problems of hiring and dismissal of the personnel have to be influenced by leadership. We have grouped the attributes of leadership according to the existing leadership theories. The trait theory of leadership focuses on endurance, active persistence (energy), a clear vision of the future, confidence in decision making (belief that they are right), personal integrity (which includes morality, honesty, regulations and attitude), ethical issues, creativity (organisation), world outlook (ideology) that correlate with the group. The behavioural theory of leadership consists in making a start (initiative), readiness to assume responsibility, stability, total reliability, commitment to the common good, innovative thinking and business (practical) solutions, as well as creativity and ability to make innovations, compassion (sensitivity towards others) and respect, delegation of responsibility, education, personnel training, decision making, tendency to give advice and professional management. The situational contingency leadership theory suggests adaptability and openness to changes, tolerance for ambiguity and difficulties, courage in making decisions being unaware of their consequences (venture), communication (listening, speaking and writing), networking (understood as interconnection with something referring to other people, both inside and outside), team composition, creation and development of working groups, management of disputes, misunderstandings and hostility, management of unacceptable situation (stress), management of complex tasks, solution of intractable issues (problems).The integration management theory (process) implies insight, direction of operational efforts towards performance, statement making, enthusiastic approach (optimism), good mood, encouragement, stimulation of others, planning, time management, leadership ability. Problem statement. There are numerous methods and techniques to assess leadership, but all of them are characterized by partiality of the researchers who select only those leadership characteristics that present personal interest to themselves. In this case leadership is not fully and comprehensively evaluated, but only partially investigated making use of a few of the possible leadership characteristics. Therefore the research problem can be formulated as a question about the essential attributes of leadership. The object of the research: to investigate leadership attributes. The aim of the research: to identify the characteristics of leadership by investigating the classical leadership theories. The working methods: to give a general analysis of leadership attributes and to classify them according to management theories making use of the research carried out by Lithuanian and foreign scientists and applying analytical and synthetic methods of the analysis of scientific literature paying special attention to the importance of the leadership concept. We have established that it is possible to classify the leadership attributes as follows: 1) leadership as a means of influence or power demonstration; 2) leadership as a kind of some real experience; 3) undisputed and non-negotiable eligibility of the leader. To summarise our research of leadership attributes we can state that these characteristics are numerous and diverse, and they are to be investigated in order to determine their importance and value in the organizations under study. [...].

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