Įmonės hipoteka – modernios įkeitimo teisės bruožas?

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Hipoteka; Įmonės hipoteka; Įkeitimo teisė; Mortgage; Secured transaction law; Enterprise mortgage.

ENBesides the obvious advantages of the enterprise mortgage, as a charge of a whole property of a commercial subject, it has the „dark“ side. The drawbacks of the enterprise mortgage mostly are related with the monopolistic effect on the debtor (charge provider) and other creditors of the debtor. The absolute priority of the only creditor (holder of the enterprise mortgage) over other creditors against all current and future assets of the commercial subject, makes the debtor dependent on the creditor and leaves most of the other creditors unsecured. In order to neutralize this effect, law makers use various compensational mechanisms: by regulating the scope of the property, which can be charged; enshrining preferential claims or super-priority to creditors; providing the possibility for unsecured creditors to get their debts from the carve-out. These compensational mechanisms allow to balance advantages and drawbacks of the enterprise mortgage. The Lithuanian legal regulation does not impose any restrictions on the scope of the property, which can be charged by the enterprise mortgage, no any special other rules limiting the absolute priority of the mortgagee. It means that neither debtor nor other creditors have specific safeguards provided by law for protecting their interest. They can reduce their own risks mostly through negotiating the terms of contracts. [From the publication]

• Finansinio užstato pinigais kvalifikavimo problematika / Renata Juzikienė. Teisė. 2021, t. 118, p. 111-129.
• Komercinio įkeitimo raida, problemos ir perspektyvos / Renata Juzikienė. Daiktinė teisė: ar privatinės teisės pamatai atlaikys XXI a. iššūkius? : mokslinių straipsnių ir konferencijos pranešimų medžiaga / sudarė Laurynas Didžiulis. Vilnius : Žuvėdra, 2020. P. 143-162.