Художественное осмысление исторического значения Грюнвальдской битвы в героической поэме "Прусская война" (1516) Яна Вислицкого
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Herojinė poema; Janas Vislickis; Jogaila; Jonas Vislicietis; Lotynų kalba; Prūsų karas; Vytautas; Žalgirio mūšis, 1410; Žygimantas Senasis (Sigismund the Old; Žygimantas II Senàsis, Zigmantas I Senàsis; Zygmunt I Stary); „Prūsų karas“; Battle of Grunwald; Heroic poem; Ioannes Visliciensis; Jan Vislicki; Jan of Wislica; Latin language; Sigismund I the Old; The Prussian War; The battle of Grunwald; Vytautas; Wladyslaw II Jagiello; „Bellum Prutenum“.
ENThe author of the poem "The Prussian War" created it to assess the influence of the victory over crusaders in 1410 upon further political history of Central and Eastern Europe rather than to glorify that victory. Argumentum totius epopaeae (M. K. Sarbievski) at the beginning of the poem is the evidence of this: fama felix (happy news) of victory in the battle of Grunwald. This argumentum is directly connected with the appeal — not to muses (as in the works by Homer and Vergilius) but to king Sigismund; at the same time the author recalls here heroic deeds of fortis avi (courageous old man) — king Jagajlo. Thus the author pays attention first of all to the history of the Jagiellon dynasty or, to be more precise, to the history of state formation during the rule of the Jagiellons. St. Łempicki and B. Nadolski had the right opinion that Ioannes Visliciensis had intended to create some kind of "Jagellonidа" — a poem to the glory of the Jagiellons; as for the description of the battle and of the victory it serves here as an important historical background. It is interesting enough that "The Prussian War" was published in the same year as the heroic poem by Riccardo Bartolini "Austriados libri duodecim" (Twelve books on Austriade) was — a poem dedicated to emperor Maximilian of Habsburg and the ruling Austrian dynasty. Due to this fact we can regard the poem "The Prussian War" (that was created after the Congress of Vienna in 1515) as a monument of dynastic epos. Geographic and ethnographic excursus (in the first part) in which the author makes a presentation of the lands and peoples under the rule of the Jagiellons is an important element of the epic narration.Polonia where not only Poles (Poloni), but also «triple Ruthenes» (triplices Rutheni) live is depicted by the poet as a state that is more vast and powerful than that which existed in the legendary times of the first rulers of Poland — Lech, Krakus and Wanda. The author believes this is thanks to the merits of the Jagiellons (first of all the founder of the dynasty — king Jagailо) who expanded their sphere of influence in many European countries. At the beginning of the XV century the united Poles (Poloni), Ruthenes (Rutheni)(including Albi Rutheni, i.e. white Ruthenes), Lithuanians (Lithuani), Samogitians (Sudini), and also Tatars (Nomades) under the leadership of king Jagailо conquered "the whole Germany" on Grunwald field (the plot of the first part); and at the beginning of the XVI century this union of many peoples of two states (the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland) is the consequence of "the Jagiellons’ right of inheritance to rule in these countries" (U. Karotki). Queen proprio nomine (with a characteristic name) Sofia who comes of the kin of Belarusian princes of Holshanski and who is "well-educated in the field of humanities" (J. D. Janocki) is a symbol of that union. It is she who according to the resolution of the Gods of Olympus gave birth to Jagailо’s heirs to the throne (the third part). Therefore composition principle of the poem structure can be understood only in terms of state and dynastic concept which is the ideological pivot of "The Prussian War" by Ioannes Visliciensis.
